National Center for Education Statistics

Table 13. Amount and percentage distribution of revenues and expenses at Title IV institutions and administrative offices, by level and control of institution or administrative office, accounting standards utilized, source of funds and type of expense: United States, fiscal year 2017
Source of funds and type of expense		4-year			2-year			Less-than-2-year
		Revenues or expenses (in thousands)	Percent		Revenues or expenses (in thousands)	Percent		Revenues or expenses (in thousands)	Percent
		Public institutions (GASB standards)1
Total revenues and investment return		$321,444,429	100.0		$56,015,655	100.0		$791,962	100.0
Operating revenues		204,253,395	63.5		15,618,615	27.9		308,161	38.9
Tuition and fees (net of allowances and discounts)		66,419,445	20.7		9,247,153	16.5		159,767	20.2
Grants and contracts		44,230,220	13.8		3,920,019	7.0		105,152	13.3
Federal (excludes FDSL loans)		25,399,389	7.9		1,477,179	2.6		21,991	2.8
State		5,908,500	1.8		1,923,256	3.4		52,272	6.6
Local		1,883,550	0.6		272,701	0.5		29,236	3.7
Private		11,038,780	3.4		246,884	0.4		1,654	0.2
Sales and services of auxiliary enterprises after deducting discounts and allowances		26,019,295	8.1		1,523,156	2.7		—	—
Sales and services of hospitals		46,158,435	14.4		—	—		—	—
Sales and services of educational activities		10,076,108	3.1		154,491	0.3		8,312	1.0
Independent operations		1,596,211	0.5		—	—		—	—
Other operating revenues		9,753,680	3.0		773,796	1.4		34,929	4.4
Nonoperating revenues		100,530,617	31.3		37,751,741	67.4		467,752	59.1
Appropriations		57,240,033	17.8		25,869,458	46.2		360,352	45.5
Federal		1,860,079	0.6		39,927	0.1		15,232	1.9
State		53,980,521	16.8		14,117,136	25.2		183,403	23.2
Local		1,399,433	0.4		11,712,395	20.9		161,718	20.4
Nonoperating grants		14,869,809	4.6		10,529,090	18.8		92,041	11.6
Federal		11,399,315	3.5		8,378,854	15.0		81,242	10.3
State		3,227,298	1.0		1,960,140	3.5		10,168	1.3
Local		243,196	0.1		190,095	0.3		632	0.1
Gifts		7,642,169	2.4		273,665	0.5		6,102	0.8
Investment income		13,547,665	4.2		231,165	0.4		1,791	0.2
Other nonoperating revenues		7,230,940	2.2		848,363	1.5		7,465	0.9
Total other revenues and additions		16,660,418	5.2		2,645,299	4.7		16,050	2.0
Capital appropriations		4,994,288	1.6		1,581,100	2.8		—	—
Capital grants and gifts		3,307,489	1.0		358,288	0.6		—	—
Additions to permanent endowments		1,176,695	0.4		12,859	#		—	—
Other revenues and additions		7,181,945	2.2		693,052	1.2		16,050	2.0
Total expenses		$305,363,799	100.0		$54,741,787	100.0		$710,247	100.0
Instruction		86,382,779	28.3		22,800,828	41.7		368,373	51.9
Research		35,431,322	11.6		29,262	0.1		0	0
Public service		14,494,699	4.7		844,599	1.5		2,663	0.4
Academic support		25,465,050	8.3		4,757,427	8.7		67,976	9.6
Student services		14,722,471	4.8		6,020,279	11.0		63,265	8.9
Institutional support		25,880,504	8.5		9,375,681	17.1		131,269	18.5
Scholarships and fellowships (excluding discounts and allowances)		10,611,506	3.5		4,785,809	8.7		22,319	3.1
Auxiliary enterprises		30,197,254	9.9		2,173,368	4.0		—	—
Hospital services		45,172,187	14.8		—	—		—	—
Independent operations		1,681,320	0.6		—	—		—	—
Other expenses and deductions		15,324,708	5.0		3,954,536	7.2		54,382	7.7
		Private nonprofit institutions (FASB standards)
Total revenues and investment return		$241,782,369	100.0		$943,639	100.0		$161,672	100.0
Tuition and fees		73,310,513	30.3		731,157	77.5		110,648	68.4
Government appropriations		1,054,857	0.4		16,248	1.7		53	#
Federal		439,641	0.2		14,231	1.5		2	#
State		613,726	0.3		2,001	0.2		52	#
Local		1,490	#		16	#		0	0
Government grants and contracts		20,182,016	8.3		39,625	4.2		28,103	17.4
Federal		18,699,721	7.7		33,164	3.5		21,381	13.2
State		960,980	0.4		5,976	0.6		5,532	3.4
Local		521,314	0.2		485	0.1		1,190	0.7
Private gifts		20,313,441	8.4		31,546	3.3		2,034	1.3
Private grants and contracts		6,196,477	2.6		2,597	0.3		3,371	2.1
Contributions from affiliated entities		2,318,044	1.0		23,394	2.5		2,717	1.7
Investment return		48,826,949	20.2		15,451	1.6		841	0.5
Sales and services of educational activities		7,511,717	3.1		10,073	1.1		4,001	2.5
Sales and services of auxiliary enterprises		17,964,144	7.4		40,241	4.3		—	—
Hospital revenue		26,744,919	11.1		—	—		—	—
Independent operations revenue		6,066,967	2.5		—	—		—	—
Other revenue		11,292,325	4.7		33,307	3.5		9,903	6.1
Total expenses		$196,318,744	100.0		$985,989	100.0		$186,457	100.0
Instruction		61,912,427	31.5		316,683	32.1		79,404	42.6
Research		21,058,634	10.7		1,160	0.1		0	0
Public service		2,889,051	1.5		1,406	0.1		331	0.2
Academic support		16,157,986	8.2		113,966	11.6		20,214	10.8
Student services		16,652,484	8.5		225,421	22.9		14,144	7.6
Institutional support		25,331,865	12.9		219,323	22.2		38,862	20.8
Net grant aid to students		941,614	0.5		1,180	0.1		800	0.4
Auxiliary enterprises		17,187,656	8.8		37,219	3.8		—	—
Hospital services		24,090,294	12.3		—	—		—	—
Independent operations		5,810,625	3.0		—	—		—	—
Other expenses		4,286,108	2.2		69,630	7.1		32,704	17.5
		Private for-profit institutions (FASB standards)
Total revenues and investment return		$12,733,999	100.0		$3,872,733	100.0		$2,839,886	100.0
Tuition and fees		11,692,675	91.8		3,470,952	89.6		2,477,433	87.2
Government appropriations		36,561	0.3		16,114	0.4		15,879	0.6
Federal		32,118	0.3		14,277	0.4		15,515	0.5
State		3,986	#		1,529	#		243	#
Local		457	#		309	#		121	#
Government grants and contracts		359,452	2.8		169,108	4.4		30,534	1.1
Federal (excludes FDSL loans)		336,023	2.6		156,881	4.1		26,391	0.9
State		23,268	0.2		10,104	0.3		1,532	0.1
Local		161	#		2,123	0.1		2,611	0.1
Private gifts, grants and contracts		11,586	0.1		1,813	#		522	#
Investment income and investment gains (losses)		34,559	0.3		8,294	0.2		9,776	0.3
Sales and services of educational activities		180,112	1.4		73,755	1.9		191,226	6.7
Sales and services of auxiliary enterprises		210,935	1.7		36,266	0.9		—	—
Hospital revenue		0	0		—	—		—	—
Other revenue		208,120	1.6		96,431	2.5		114,517	4.0
Total expenses		$11,680,961	100.0		$3,786,541	100.0		$2,513,669	100.0
Instruction		2,995,663	25.6		1,178,504	31.1		989,942	39.4
Research		4,702	#		635	#		1,959	0.1
Public service		10,388	0.1		2,705	0.1		2,399	0.1
Academic support		1,323,324	11.3		337,339	8.9		216,963	8.6
Student services		2,336,857	20.0		633,516	16.7		311,247	12.4
Institutional support		3,932,046	33.7		1,036,219	27.4		674,593	26.8
Net grant aid to students		24,039	0.2		3,606	0.1		5,117	0.2
Auxiliary enterprises		261,821	2.2		57,076	1.5		—	—
Hospital services		0	0		—	—		—	—
Other expenses		792,122	6.8		536,941	14.2		311,450	12.4

— Not available. Data not collected from these institutions.

# Rounds to zero.

1In addition to the public institutions using Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) standards, 17 public institutions (0.9 percent of public institutions) not displayed in this table reported $13.7 billion in revenue and investment return and $12.2 billion in expenses using Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards.

NOTE: Title IV institutions are those with a written agreement with the U.S. Department of Education that allows the institution to participate in any of the Title IV federal student financial assistance programs. United States includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The four U.S. service academies that are not Title IV eligible are included in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) universe because they are federally funded and open to the public and are included in this table. Percentages in the columns of this table use the corresponding dollar amount in the appropriate total row of each section as the denominator. Due to differences between Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) standards and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards, figures from public institutions are not comparable with figures from private institutions, even in categories with identical labels. FDSL is the Federal Direct Student Loan program. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Definitions for terms used in this table may be found in the collection year’s archived downloadable glossary located at https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/use-the-data/annual-survey-forms-packages-archived?year=2017.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, Spring 2018, Finance component (final data).