Table 323.	Average graduate and first-professional tuition and required fees in degree-granting institutions, by first- professional discipline and control of institution: 1987-88 through 2006-07
[In current dollars]

Year and control	Average full-time graduate tuition and required fees	Average full-time first-professional tuition and required fees
		Chiropractic	Dentistry	Medicine	Optometry	Osteopathic medicine	Pharmacy	Podiatry	Veterinary medicine	Law	Theology
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
All institutions
1987–88	$3,599	$6,996	$9,399	$9,034	$7,926	$10,674	$5,201	$12,736	$4,503	$6,636	$3,572
1988–89	3,728	7,972	9,324	9,439	8,503	11,462	4,952	13,232	4,856	7,099	3,911
1989–90	4,135	8,315	10,515	10,597	9,469	11,888	5,890	14,611	5,470	8,059	4,079
1990–91	4,488	9,108	10,270	10,571	9,512	12,830	5,889	15,143	5,396	8,708	4,569
1991–92	5,116	10,226	12,049	11,646	9,610	13,004	6,731	16,257	6,367	9,469	4,876
1992–93	5,475	11,117	12,710	12,265	10,858	14,297	6,635	17,426	6,771	10,463	5,331
1993–94	5,973	11,503	14,403	13,074	10,385	15,038	7,960	17,621	7,159	11,552	5,253
1994–95	6,247	12,324	15,164	13,834	11,053	15,913	8,315	18,138	7,741	12,374	5,648
1995–96	6,741	12,507	15,647	14,860	11,544	16,785	8,602	18,434	8,208	13,278	5,991
1996–97	7,111	12,721	16,585	15,481	12,250	17,888	9,207	19,056	8,668	14,081	6,558
1997–98	7,246	13,131	17,393	16,075	12,685	18,654	9,544	19,355	9,013	14,877	6,761
1998–99	7,685	13,582	18,800	17,110	14,066	19,718	9,636	19,547	9,392	15,590	7,147
1999–2000	8,071	14,256	19,314	17,775	14,389	20,817	10,601	20,102	9,865	16,399	7,425
2000–01	8,429	15,092	21,696	18,935	15,360	21,685	11,175	20,313	10,365	17,659	10,100
2001–02	8,857	15,605	22,643	19,973	16,066	22,753	12,008	21,115	10,940	18,577	8,543
2002–03	9,226	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2003–041	10,312	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2004–05	11,004	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005–06	11,621	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006–072	12,251	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Public3
1987–88	1,827	†	4,614	5,245	2,789	5,125	2,462	†	3,523	2,810	†
1988–89	1,913	†	5,286	5,669	3,455	6,269	2,218	†	3,889	2,766	†
1989–90	1,999	†	5,728	6,259	3,569	6,521	2,816	†	4,505	3,196	†
1990–91	2,206	†	5,927	6,437	3,821	7,188	2,697	†	4,840	3,430	†
1991–92	2,524	†	6,595	7,106	4,161	7,699	2,871	†	5,231	3,933	†
1992–93	2,791	†	7,006	7,867	5,106	8,404	2,987	†	5,553	4,261	†
1993–94	3,050	†	7,525	8,329	5,325	8,640	3,567	†	6,107	4,835	†
1994–95	3,250	†	8,125	8,812	5,643	8,954	3,793	†	6,571	5,307	†
1995–96	3,449	†	8,806	9,585	6,130	9,448	4,100	†	6,907	5,821	†
1996–97	3,607	†	9,434	10,057	6,561	9,932	4,884	†	7,343	6,565	†
1997–98	3,744	†	9,657	10,501	7,366	10,358	5,065	19,541	7,742	7,004	†
1998–99	3,897	†	10,277	11,141	7,890	10,802	5,482	19,818	7,975	7,425	†
1999–2000	4,043	†	10,615	11,569	8,021	11,211	5,897	19,578	8,601	7,740	†
2000–01	4,243	†	11,574	12,074	8,302	11,516	6,245	20,228	8,964	8,326	†
2001–02	4,496	†	12,446	13,264	9,060	12,587	7,020	21,254	9,524	9,043	†
2002–03	4,842	†	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	†
2003–04	5,544	†	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	†
2004–05	6,080	†	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	†
2005–06	6,493	†	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	†
2006–072	6,899	†	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	†
Private
1987–88	6,769	6,996	16,201	14,945	11,635	13,311	8,834	12,736	12,544	9,048	3,572
1988–89	6,945	7,972	16,127	15,610	12,050	13,536	9,692	13,232	13,285	9,892	3,911
1989–90	7,881	8,315	16,800	16,826	13,640	14,117	10,656	14,611	14,184	10,901	4,079
1990–91	8,507	9,108	18,270	17,899	13,767	15,009	11,546	15,143	14,159	12,247	4,569
1991–92	9,592	10,226	20,318	19,225	14,366	16,098	12,937	16,257	15,816	12,946	4,876
1992–93	10,008	11,117	21,309	19,585	14,459	17,098	13,373	17,426	17,103	13,975	5,331
1993–94	10,790	11,503	23,824	20,769	14,156	17,720	14,838	17,621	17,433	15,193	5,253
1994–95	11,338	12,324	24,641	21,819	14,497	18,422	14,894	18,138	17,940	16,201	5,648
1995–96	12,083	12,507	25,678	23,001	15,235	19,619	15,618	18,434	19,380	17,251	5,991
1996–97	12,537	12,721	26,618	24,242	15,949	20,714	15,934	19,056	19,526	18,276	6,558
1997–98	12,774	13,151	29,923	25,189	16,415	21,710	16,307	19,316	20,299	19,171	6,761
1998–99	13,299	13,582	31,659	26,502	17,848	22,796	16,905	19,492	21,286	20,154	7,147
1999–2000	13,782	14,256	32,268	27,694	18,087	23,838	18,091	20,193	21,772	21,081	7,425
2000–01	14,420	15,092	35,234	29,863	19,592	24,712	19,031	20,329	22,600	22,775	10,100
2001–02	15,165	15,605	36,207	30,485	20,463	25,779	20,459	21,089	23,303	23,911	8,543
2002–03	14,983	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2003–041	16,209	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2004–05	16,751	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005–06	17,244	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006–072	18,145	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

— Not available. † Not applicable. 1 Data have been revised from previously published figures. 2 Preliminary data based on fall 2005 enrollment weights. 3 Data are based on in-state tuition only. NOTE: Average graduate student tuition weighted by fall full-time-equivalent graduate enrollment. Average first-professional tuition weighted by number of degrees conferred during the academic year. Some year-to-year fluctuations in tuition data may reflect nonreporting by individual institutions. Excludes institutions not reporting degrees conferred and institutions not reporting tuition. Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Guide to Sources for details.). SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1987–88 through 2006–07 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Fall Enrollment Survey" (IPEDS-EF:87–99); "Completions Survey," (IPEDS-C:88–99); "Institutional Characteristics Survey" (IPEDS-IC:87–99); Fall 2000 through Fall 2006; and Spring 2001 through Spring 2006. (This table was prepared August 2007.)