This report presents the results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) long-term trend assessments in reading and mathematics administered during the 2022–23 school year to a nationally representative sample of 13-year-old students. Long-term trend assessments were first administered in the early 1970s; results are available for 14 prior reading assessments dating back to 1971 and 13 prior mathematics assessments dating back to 1973. This highlights report focuses on 2023 results compared to the previous long-term trend assessment in the 2019-20 school year. This report provides trend results in terms of average scale scores and scores for lower-, middle-, and higher-performing students at five selected percentiles. In addition to overall and percentile scores, results are reported by race/ethnicity, gender, type of school, and other demographic groups. In addition, the report provides results from the student survey questionnaire about student absenteeism, reading habits, and mathematics course taking.