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Table 26.  Mean number of practices for monitoring access to campus used per public middle school, and the percentage of public middle schools that monitored access to campus in specified ways, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003–04


Percentage of schools that monitored access to campus in specified ways
School characteristic Mean number of practices
for monitoring
access to
campus used
per school1		 Require
visitors
to sign or check in		 Control access
to school buildings during
school
hours2		   Control
access to school
grounds
during
school
hours3		   Require students
to pass
through metal detectors each day		 Require visitors to pass
through metal detectors		 Perform
one or more random
metal
detector
checks on students		 Close the campus
for most students during
lunch
All public schools  3.2 100 87   36   2 2 10 84
                     
Enrollment size  2.9 100 80   21   # # 2 86
Less than 300  3.1 99 84   34   2 1 7 82
300–499  3.3 100 90   36   3 3 11 85
500–999  3.4 100 86   51   3 1 17 84
1,000 or more                     
                     
Urbanicity                     
City  3.5 100 87   44   5 6 22 85
Urban fringe  3.2 100 89   37   1 # 6 84
Town  3.1 98 87   27   1 1 7 88
Rural  3.0 100 82   31   2 1 7 81
                     
Crime level where students live4                     
High  3.7 100 94   57   8 10 26 76
Moderate  3.4 100 88   41   4 3 18 86
Low  3.1 99 86   32   1 # 5 84
Mixed  3.1 100 82   31   2 1 10 85
                     
Percent minority enrollment5                     
Less than 5 percent  3.0 99 89   22   1 # 2 82
5 to 20 percent  3.0 99 86   26   1 # 3 87
20 to 50 percent  3.2 100 86   35   1 # 8 86
50 percent or more  3.5 100 85   54   5 5 22 83
                     
Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch                     
0–20 percent  3.0 99 91   29   # # 2 83
21–50 percent  3.1 99 85   27   1 # 5 88
More than 50 percent  3.4 100 86   48   4 4 20 81
                     
Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests                     
0–5 percent  3.1 99 88   28   1 1 5 85
6–15 percent  3.1 100 86   36   1 1 8 83
More than 15 percent  3.4 100 87   41   4 3 17 85
                     
Percent of students likely to attend college                     
0–35 percent  3.3 100 84   42   4 3 17 82
36–60 percent  3.2 100 86   34   1 1 10 88
More than 60 percent  3.1 99 89   31   1 1 4 83
                     
Percent of students who consider academic achievement important                     
0–25 percent  3.2 99 86   37   3 3 21 73
26–50 percent  3.3 100 86   39   2 2 12 89
51–75 percent  3.2 100 86   36   1 1 8 85
More than 75 percent  3.2 100 88   33   3 2 6 84
                     
Percent male enrollment                     
0–44 percent  3.4 100 93   53   # 2 16 81
45–55 percent  3.2 100 86   34   2 2 10 84
More than 55 percent  3.3 98 84   43   2 2 7 91
                     
Student-to-teacher ratio6                     
Less than 12 students  3.1 99 88   30   2 1 9 82
12–16 students  3.2 100 88   36   2 2 10 84
More than 16 students  3.4 100 82   48   3 2 13 90
                     
Number of classroom changes7                     
0–3 changes  3.1 100 76   29   2 2 15 87
4–6 changes  3.3 100 86   43   3 2 13 81
More than 6 changes  3.1 100 88   31   1 1 8 86
                     
Regular use of law enforcement8                     
Regular use  3.3 100 88   39   2 2 13 85
No regular use  3.0 100 84   29   2 1 5 83
                     
Number of serious discipline problems9                     
No problems  3.1 100 87   35   2 1 8 81
1 problem  3.2 99 85   35   2 1 9 88
2 problems  3.3 100 86   38   2 3 13 87
3 or more problems  3.3 100 88   36   4 3 16 87
                     
Transfers as a percentage of enrollment10                     
0 to 6 percent  3.2 99 88   36   1 1 6 89
6 to 11 percent  3.1 99 87   31   3 3 9 80
11 to 21 percent  3.2 100 89   34   2 2 9 85
21 percent or more  3.3 100 82   42   1 2 15 83
                     
Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions11                     
No disruptions  3.2 100 86   35   2 2 9 84
Any disruptions  3.4 100 90   42   3 3 17 84
                     
Percent of students absent on a daily basis                    
0–2 percent  3.1 100 86   35   1 1 4 87
3–5 percent  3.2 99 87   34   1 1 7 86
6–10 percent  3.3 100 86   37   4 3 15 82
More than 10 percent  3.3 100 88   40   3 3 22 77
                     
Prevalence of violent incidents12                     
No violent incidents  3.1 100 84   44   2 # 3 81
Any violent incidents  3.2 100 87   35   2 2 10 84
# Rounds to zero.
1 Data represent the mean number of "yes" responses to the practices listed.
2 Examples of controlled access to school buildings provided to respondents were locked or monitored doors.
3 Examples of controlled access to school grounds provided to respondents were locked or monitored gates.
4 Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
5 These estimates exclude data from Tennessee because schools in this state did not report estimates of student race.
6 Student-to-teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
7 Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
8 Respondents were asked, "During the 2003–2004 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school on a regular basis?"
9 Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
10 Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
11 Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
12 Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2004.

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