Table 8. Number and percentage of public middle schools reporting violent and other incidents of hate crimes with the number of incidents reported, by selected school characteristics: 1999

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 8. Number and percentage of public middle schools reporting violent and other incidents of hate crimes with the number of incidents reported, by selected school characteristics: 1999–2000

School characteristic	Violent incidents¹			Serious violent incidents ²			Theft³			Other incidents⁴
School characteristic	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents
All public middle schools	918	6	3,447	82	1	105	16	#	33	542	4	1,766

Enrollment size
Less than 300	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
300–499	233	7	1,066	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	88	3	502
500–999	468	6	1,347	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	284	4	725
1,000 or more	180	9	885	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	118	6	468

Urbanicity
City	280	8	1,297	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	185	5	607
Urban fringe	420	8	1,305	63	1	86	#	#	#	279	5	737
Town	104	4	418	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
Rural	113	3	426	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡

Crime level where students live⁵
High	51	7	116	#	#	#	#	#	#	70	9	120
Moderate	236	9	948	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	124	5	739
Low	464	5	1,413	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	266	3	809
Mixed	167	8	970	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	82	4	98

Percent minority enrollment⁵
0–5 percent	222	5	832	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	111	3	412
6–20 percent	236	6	744	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	77	2	267
21–50 percent	252	7	1,097	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	197	6	816
More than 50 percent	189	5	718	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	139	4	215

Percent of students eligible for free/reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	284	6	1,006	#	#	#	#	#	#	114	2	454
21–50 percent	416	7	1,451	59	1	82	‡	‡	‡	264	4	510
More than 50 percent	218	5	990	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	165	4	802

Percent of students below 15^th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	256	6	1,079	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	162	4	267
6–15 percent	334	5	716	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	256	4	1,288
More than 15 percent	328	7	1,651	59	1	59	#	#	#	125	3	211

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	213	5	1,083	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	206	5	1,084
36–60 percent	299	5	1,148	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	143	3	314
More than 60 percent	406	8	1,215	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	194	4	368

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	92	6	422	#	#	#	#	#	#	94	6	601
26–50 percent	196	6	832	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	142	4	611
51–75 percent	341	7	1,164	59	1	82	‡	‡	‡	143	3	265
More than 75 percent	289	6	1,029	#	#	#	#	#	#	163	3	289

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	90	4	374	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
45–55 percent	720	6	2,436	63	1	86	#	#	#	510	4	1,619
More than 55 percent	108	8	637	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡

Student/teacher ratio⁵,⁶
Less than 12	354	8	1,385	59	1	82	‡	‡	‡	190	4	426
12–16	230	4	851	#	#	#	#	#	#	178	3	264
More than 16	278	7	987	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	175	4	1,076

Number of classroom changes⁵
0–3 changes	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	49	5	98
4–6 changes	162	3	613	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	239	4	970
More than 6 changes	613	8	2,151	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	199	3	599

Use of paid law enforcement⁷
Regular use	801	8	3,190	82	1	105	‡	‡	‡	470	4	1,671
No regular use	117	2	256	#	#	#	#	#	#	72	1	95

Number of serious discipline problems⁸
No problems	160	3	518	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	127	2	380
1 problem	142	4	385	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	97	3	242
2 problems	155	7	591	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	98	4	160
3 or more problems	462	12	1,952	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	220	6	984

Transfers as percentage of enrollment⁵,⁹
0 to 6 percent	155	4	789	#	#	#	#	#	#	49	1	300
6 to 11 percent	264	8	879	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	161	5	422
11 to 21 percent	249	7	750	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	199	5	671
21 percent or more	237	6	1,015	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	120	3	361

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁵,¹⁰
No disruptions	594	5	2,081	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	422	4	1,550
Any disruptions	258	10	1,030	59	2	82	#	#	#	104	4	168

Percent of students absent without excuses
None	59	2	259	#	#	#	#	#	#	116	4	207
1–2 percent	417	7	1,631	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	142	2	455
3–5 percent	254	7	1,036	63	2	86	‡	‡	‡	146	4	654
6–10 percent	128	6	151	#	#	#	#	#	#	97	5	349
More than 10 percent	60	11	370	#	#	#	#	#	#	42	8	100
# Rounds to zero.
‡ Reporting standards not met.
¹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
² Serious violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with a weapon, threat of physical attack with a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
³ Theft/larceny (taking things over $10 without personal confrontation) was defined for respondents as, "the unlawful taking of another person's property without personal confrontation, threat, violence, or bodily harm. Included are pocket picking, stealing purse or backpack (if left unattended or no force was used to take it from owner), theft from a building, theft from a motor vehicle or motor vehicle parts or accessories, theft of bicycles, theft from vending machines, and all other types of thefts."
⁴ Other incidents include possession of a firearm or explosive device, possession of a knife or sharp object, distribution of illegal drugs, possession or use of alcohol or illegal drugs, sexual harassment, or vandalism.
⁵ Some schools are omitted from these categories because of missing data on their school characteristics. For this reason, the detailed results do not sum to the totals. See appendix J of 2000 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) Detailed Data Documentation (NCES 2004-307) for further information.
⁶ Student/teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. The total number of full-time equivalent teachers is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers, including special education teachers, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁷ Schools were included as regularly using paid law enforcement if they reported the use of paid law enforcement during any of the following times: at any time during school hours, while students were arriving or leaving, at selected school activities (e.g., athletic and social events, open houses, science fairs), or at any other time that the respondent specified.
⁸ Serious discipline problems is a count of discipline problems reported by principals. These discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, and student acts of disrespect for teachers. If a principal reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems. Undesirable gang activities and undesirable cult or extremist group activities were also counted once as a problem if the principal reported that these events occurred at all in their school.
⁹ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school, divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹⁰ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as bomb threats or anthrax threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. "At school/at your school" was defined for respondents as including activities happening in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponsored events or activities. Respondents were instructed to, unless the survey specified otherwise, only respond for those times that were during normal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. A hate crime was defined for respondents as, "a criminal offense or threat against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, color, national origin, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, or sexual orientation." Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000.

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