Table 24. Percentage of public schools that drilled students on a written plan for at least one crisis situation, and the percentage of schools that drilled students on a written plan for a specific crisis situation, by selected school characteristics: School year 2007-08

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 24. Percentage of public schools that drilled students on a written plan for at least one crisis situation, and the percentage of schools that drilled students on a written plan for a specific crisis situation, by selected school characteristics: School year 2007-08
		Percentage of schools that drilled students on specified written crisis plans
School characteristic	Percentage of schools that drilled students on a written plan for at least one crisis situation	Shootings	Natural disasters¹	Hostages	Bomb threats or incidents	Chemical, biological, or radiological threats or incidents²
All public schools	92	52	83	39	58	28

Level³
Primary	92	49	85	40	58	28
Middle	92	63	82	41	61	31
High school	91	57	80	39	62	29
Combined	85	45	79	23	47	26

Enrollment size
Less than 300	89	47	83	30	52	23
300–499	91	51	82	38	57	27
500–999	93	53	84	42	61	30
1,000 or more	93	64	83	46	69	37

Urbanicity
City	88	51	78	36	58	29
Suburb	95	58	85	47	67	35
Town	90	53	84	38	54	22
Rural	92	49	85	34	52	24

Crime level where students live⁴
High	89	51	76	32	53	22
Moderate	89	55	81	40	58	29
Low	93	53	85	39	59	28
Mixed	89	49	81	37	60	33

Percent of combined Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and American Indian/ Alaska Native students
Less than 5 percent	92	46	83	36	55	23
5 to less than 20 percent	94	58	86	41	59	27
20 to less than 50 percent	92	52	84	41	60	31
50 percent or more	89	52	80	36	58	30

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	91	53	80	44	62	32
21–50 percent	94	55	87	38	58	30
More than 50 percent	89	50	82	36	57	25

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	92	54	83	42	62	29
6–15 percent	91	51	83	38	56	28
More than 15 percent	92	52	84	35	58	29

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	91	50	84	36	55	25
36–60 percent	93	51	84	38	57	27
More than 60 percent	91	54	82	40	61	31

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	93	47	82	34	50	26
26–50 percent	90	51	79	36	56	26
51–75 percent	90	52	83	36	53	25
More than 75 percent	93	54	85	42	64	32

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	92	57	81	35	63	30
45–55 percent	92	52	83	39	58	28
More than 55 percent	90	51	83	37	59	28

Student-to-FTE ratio⁵
Less than 12 students	90	51	81	35	56	27
12–16 students	92	53	84	42	60	30
More than 16 students	96	57	90	42	62	29

Number of classroom changes⁶
0–3 changes	92	52	82	41	61	30
4–6 changes	91	51	84	39	58	28
More than 6 changes	92	54	83	35	57	27

Regular use of law enforcement⁷
Regular use	91	57	81	41	62	32
No regular use	92	49	85	36	55	26

Number of serious discipline problems⁸
No problems	91	51	84	38	58	29
1 problem	93	56	83	38	57	28
2 problems	94	62	83	45	66	30
3 or more problems	85	50	76	33	56	25

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁹
Less than 6 percent	93	54	85	40	63	32
6 to less than 11 percent	90	49	80	37	56	27
11 to less than 21 percent	92	55	85	40	57	26
21 percent or more	90	51	81	37	58	28

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions¹⁰
No disruptions	91	51	83	37	57	28
Any disruptions	95	65	84	53	80	33

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	92	52	85	43	61	26
3–5 percent	94	55	87	40	59	32
6–10 percent	89	49	78	34	56	24
More than 10 percent	85	50	76	42	60	23

Prevalence of violent incidents¹¹
No violent incidents	90	43	83	34	57	31
Any violent incidents	92	56	83	40	59	28
¹ Examples of natural disasters provided to respondents were earthquakes or tornadoes.
² Examples of chemical, biological, or radiological threats or incidents provided to respondents were the release of mustard gas, anthrax, smallpox, or radioactive materials.
³ Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. High schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
⁵ Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁶ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁷ Respondents were asked, "During the 2007–08 school year, did you have any security guards, security personnel, or sworn law enforcement officers present at your school at least once a week?"
⁸ Serious discipline problems include student racial/ethnic tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers other than verbal abuse, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁹ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹⁰ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹¹ Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Respondents were not asked if they drilled students on the following crisis situations: suicide threat or incident; the U.S. national threat level is changed to red (severe risk of terrorist attack) by the Department of Homeland Security; and pandemic flu. Respondents were included as having drilled students on a written plan for responding to at least one crisis situation if they reported that they drilled students on any of the following: school shootings; natural disasters; hostages; bomb threats or incidents; or chemical, biological, or radiological threats or incidents. Detail may not sum to totals because schools may have reported more than one of the practices. Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2007–08 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2008.

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