Table 17. Number and percentage distribution of students in public schools involved in the distribution, possession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol at school receiving various disciplinary actions, by selected school characteristics: School year 2007

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 17. Number and percentage distribution of students in public schools involved in the distribution, possession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol at school receiving various disciplinary actions, by selected school characteristics: School year 2007–08

	Disciplinary actions taken for students involved in the distribution, possession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol at school
	Removals with no continuing services for at least the remainder of the school year				Transfers to specialized schools¹				Out-of-school suspensions lasting 5 or more days but less than the remainder of the school year			Other disciplinary action²
School characteristic	Number of students		Percent of students		Number of students		Percent of students		Number of students		Percent of students	Number of students		Percent of students
All public schools	10,250		6		41,190		26		75,690		48	31,840		20

Level³
Primary	‡		‡		‡		‡		3,230		69	750	!	16	!
Middle	2,280		6		10,130		28		17,310		48	6,370		18
High school	6,700		6		28,380		26		50,290		47	22,580		21
Combined	1,130	!	11	!	2,100	!	21	!	4,870		48	2,130		21

Enrollment size
Less than 300	660	!	‡		‡		‡		‡		49	1,840		‡
300–499	560		5		2,160		21		5,590		54	1,990		19
500–999	3,170		8		9,150		22		20,910		50	8,330		20
1,000 or more	5,850		6		27,170		28		44,260		46	19,680		20

Urbanicity
City	2,800		6		14,460		29		20,560		41	12,930		25
Suburb	2,190		5		9,120		20		25,010		55	9,480		21
Town	1,510	!	8		4,600		24		10,900		56	2,510		13
Rural	3,750		9		13,010		30		19,230		45	6,920		16

Crime level where students live⁴
High	1,050	!	‡		5,790	!	29		9,480	!	48	3,460		17	!
Moderate	3,040		8		11,040		28		16,190		41	8,780		22
Low	4,580		6		16,440		22		39,430		52	15,000		20
Mixed	1,570		6		7,910		32		10,600		43	4,600		19

Percent of combined Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and American Indian/ Alaska Native students
Less than 5 percent	1,660	!	10		2,550		16		7,960		49	4,040		25
5 to less than 20 percent	2,500		6		6,420		16		22,690		58	7,450		19
20 to less than 50 percent	2,690		6		12,890		31		19,590		47	6,940		16
50 percent or more	3,400		6		19,340		31		25,450		41	13,400		22

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	2,240		6		5,690		15		22,470		58	8,320		21
21–50 percent	4,880		7		17,800		27		30,350		47	12,220		19
More than 50 percent	3,130		6		17,700		32		22,880		42	11,300		21

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	2,420		6		10,440		25		20,250		49	8,480		20
6–15 percent	4,270		7		15,580		24		33,400		52	11,070		17
More than 15 percent	3,550		7		15,170		29		22,040		42	12,280		23

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	2,050		5		11,980		30		18,760		47	6,920		17
36–60 percent	3,650		8		13,600		30		19,560		44	7,910		18
More than 60 percent	4,550		6		15,610		21		37,370		50	17,000		23

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	800	!	‡		5,630	!	35		7,090	!	44	2,670		17	!
26–50 percent	2,520		8		7,300		25		14,340		48	5,600		19
51–75 percent	3,690		7		13,290		26		24,140		47	10,560		20
More than 75 percent	3,240		5		14,970		24		30,130		49	13,000		21

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	720	!	6		3,510		27		5,440		42	3,180	!	25
45–55 percent	8,790		7		34,540		26		63,390		48	26,140		20
More than 55 percent	730	!	‡		‡		24	!	6,860	!	52	2,510	!	‡

Student-to-FTE ratio⁵
Less than 12 students	3,100		6		14,130		27		23,840		46	11,320		22
12–16 students	3,910		6		19,640		29		30,850		46	12,190		18
More than 16 students	3,240		8		7,420		19		21,010		53	8,330		21

Number of classroom changes⁶
0–3 changes	230	!	4	!	850		14		3,130		53	1,710		29
4–6 changes	4,950		6		21,050		26		39,380		49	15,160		19
More than 6 changes	5,070		7		19,290		27		33,180		46	14,960		21

Regular use of law enforcement⁷
Regular use	9,640		7		39,000		27		69,050		47	27,780		19
No regular use	610	!	5	!	2,190		16		6,640		49	4,050		30

Number of serious discipline problems⁸
No problems	4,990		7		18,660		25		35,110		47	16,730		22
1 problem	2,270		6		9,530		26		18,710		51	6,110		17
2 problems	1,050		6		4,750		27		8,950		50	3,090		17
3 or more problems	1,940		7	!	8,240		28		12,920		45	5,910		20

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁹
Less than 6 percent	2,350		10		2,490		10		14,220		58	5,560		23
6 to less than 11 percent	2,530		8		6,560		22		14,170		47	6,670		22
11 to less than 21 percent	2,950		6		13,450		28		22,300		46	9,680		20
21 percent or more	2,420		4		18,690		33		25,010		45	9,930		18

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions¹⁰
No disruptions	8,430		7		32,620		26		61,410		49	23,670		19
Any disruptions	1,820		6		8,570		26		14,290		44	8,160		25

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	‡		‡		840	!	17		3,050		61	840	!	17	!
3–5 percent	3,650		6		16,030		28		25,600		44	12,880		22
6–10 percent	4,950		7		20,150		27		34,910		47	13,610		18
More than 10 percent	1,360		6		4,160		19		12,140		55	4,500		20

Prevalence of violent incidents¹¹
No violent incidents	‡		‡		170	!	9	!	880	!	47	770	!	41
Any violent incidents	10,180		6		41,020		26		74,810		48	31,070		20
!Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is from 30 percent to 50 percent of the estimate’s value.
‡Reporting standards not met. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent or more of the estimate's value.
¹ Specialized school was defined for respondents as "a school that is specifically for students who were referred for disciplinary reasons. The school may also have students who were referred for other reasons, although the school may be at the same location as your school."
² Other disciplinary actions include suspension less than 5 days, detention, etc.
³ Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. High schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
⁵ Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁶ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁷ Respondents were asked, "During the 2007–08 school year, did you have any security guards, security personnel, or sworn law enforcement officers present at your school at least once a week?"
⁸ Serious discipline problems include student racial/ethnic tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers other than verbal abuse, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁹ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹⁰ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹¹ Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: "At school" was defined for respondents to include activities that happen in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that hold school-sponsored events or activities. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. The number of incidents, students, or disciplinary actions reported for a specified offense will not always be equal. This may be because a single incident could involve multiple students or because no disciplinary action is taken for an incident. Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2007–08 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2008.

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