Table 17. Number and percentage distribution of students in public schools involved in the distribution, possession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol at school receiving various disciplinary actions, by selected school characteristics: School year 2005

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 17. Number and percentage distribution of students in public schools involved in the distribution, possession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol at school receiving various disciplinary actions, by selected school characteristics: School year 2005–06

	Disciplinary actions taken for students involved in the distribution, possession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol at school
	Removals with no continuing services for at least the remainder of the school year				Transfers to specialized schools¹				Out-of-school suspensions lasting 5 or more days but less than the remainder of the school year				Other disciplinary action²
School characteristic	Number		Percent		Number		Percent		Number		Percent		Number		Percent
All public schools	12,440		7		42,660		23		83,670		45		45,420		25

Level³
Primary	‡		‡		380	!	‡		‡		70	!	770	!	‡
Middle	2,270		6		10,490		27		17,180		45		8,540		22
High school	8,260		7		29,170		24		54,330		44		30,360		25
Combined	1,850		9		2,620	!	13	!	9,360		48		5,750		29

Enrollment size
Less than 300	550	!	4	!	1,970		14		6,420		44		5,590		38
300–499	1,280		10		2,050		16		5,850		46		3,520	!	28
500–999	2,930		6		10,450		22		23,530		50		10,410		22
1,000 or more	7,680		7		28,190		26		47,870		44		25,900		24

Urbanicity
City	3,260		6		14,230		24		25,820		44		15,620		27
Urban fringe	5,110		8		14,530		22		31,590		48		15,210		23
Town	1,230		8		3,690		23		7,650		47		3,640		22
Rural	2,830		7		10,210		24		18,610		44		10,950		26

Crime level where students live⁴
High	1,590		12		3,390		25		4,450		32		4,370		32
Moderate	2,340		6		10,570		26		18,670		46		9,190		23
Low	6,540		7		19,880		21		45,640		47		24,700		26
Mixed	1,970		6		8,820		27		14,910		45		7,170		22

Percent minority enrollment⁵
Less than 5 percent	1,610		7		2,120		9		11,470		50		7,920		34
5 to 20 percent	3,250		7		7,470		15		25,720		53		12,350		25
20 to 50 percent	3,070		6		13,700		29		21,090		44		9,860		21
50 percent or more	4,050		7		16,190		28		23,540		40		14,810		25

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	2,830		6		7,470		16		24,200		51		12,820		27
21–50 percent	5,960		8		17,480		22		36,400		46		18,540		24
More than 50 percent	3,650		6		17,700		30		23,070		39		14,060		24

Percent of students below 15^th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	3,270		7		10,780		23		19,970		43		12,740		27
6–15 percent	4,900		6		17,400		22		37,420		46		20,820		26
More than 15 percent	4,270		8		14,480		25		26,280		46		11,870		21

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	3,000		7		12,370		29		19,410		46		7,500		18
36–60 percent	4,210		8		15,120		27		24,010		43		12,070		22
More than 60 percent	5,230		6		15,180		18		40,250		47		25,850		30

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	1,070	!	6	!	4,260		25		8,730		51		2,950		17
26–50 percent	2,210		7		10,430		32		12,960		40		6,750		21
51–75 percent	4,860		8		13,620		21		30,550		47		15,530		24
More than 75 percent	4,300		6		14,350		20		31,440		45		20,190		29

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	1,110	!	8	!	3,460		26		5,100	!	39		3,480		26	!
45–55 percent	10,200		6		36,480		23		73,730		46		38,930		24
More than 55 percent	1,130	!	10	!	2,710		23		4,840		41		3,010		26

Student-to-teacher ratio⁶
Less than 12 students	2,790		5		11,990		22		23,620		43		17,100		31
12–16 students	5,480		7		19,790		26		34,910		46		14,920		20
More than 16 students	4,170		8		10,880		20		25,140		47		13,400		25

Number of classroom changes⁷
0–3 changes	1,060		10	!	1,470		13		6,110	!	56		2,300		21	!
4–6 changes	6,430		7		19,010		22		41,670		48		20,040		23
More than 6 changes	4,950		6		22,190		26		35,890		42		23,090		27

Regular use of law enforcement⁸
Regular use	10,820		7		39,610		25		70,080		45		36,500		23
No regular use	1,610		6		3,050		11		13,590		50		8,920		33

Number of serious discipline problems⁹
No problems	5,760		7		19,250		22		37,760		43		24,570		28
1 problem	2,210		7		8,490		28		13,780		45		5,900		19
2 problems	1,840		6		6,430		21		16,110		53		5,920		20
3 or more problems	2,630		7		8,490		23		16,020		44		9,040		25

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment¹⁰
0 to 6 percent	1,740		6		2,830		9		17,390		57		8,720		28
6 to 11 percent	2,130		7		5,810		18		14,790		47		8,980		28
11 to 21 percent	4,580		9		11,510		22		25,650		49		10,270		20
21 percent or more	3,990		6		22,510		32		25,850		37		17,450		25

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions¹¹
No disruptions	10,240		7		33,570		22		68,660		46		37,060		25
Any disruptions	2,200		6		9,090		26		15,010		43		8,360		24

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	550	!	7	!	1,740	!	23	!	3,410	!	45		1,940		25
3–5 percent	4,980		7		19,090		26		31,070		42		18,670		25
6–10 percent	5,420		7		18,200		23		37,200		47		18,830		24
More than 10 percent	1,480		6		3,640		16		11,980		52		5,980		26

Prevalence of violent incidents¹²
No violent incidents	180	!	‡		410	!	20	!	670	!	34		720	!	36
Any violent incidents	12,260		7		42,250		23		83,000		46		44,700		25
! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is from 30 percent to 50 percent of the estimate’s value.
‡ Reporting standards not met. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent or more of the estimate's value.
¹ Specialized school was defined for respondents as "a school that is specifically for students who were referred for disciplinary reasons. The school may also have students who were referred for other reasons, although the school may be at the same location as your school."
² Other disciplinary actions include suspension less than 5 days, detention, etc.
³ Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. High schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
⁵ Responding schools that did not have race/ethnicity on the sampling frame (2 percent of schools) are excluded from the base.
⁶ Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁷ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁸ Respondents were asked, "During the 2005–2006 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school at least once a week?"
⁹ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
¹⁰ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹¹ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹² Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: "At school" was defined for respondents to include activities that happen in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that hold school-sponsored events or activities. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. The number of incidents, students, or disciplinary actions reported for a specified offense will not always be equal. This may be because a single incident could involve multiple victims or because no disciplinary action is taken for an incident. Data regarding illegal drugs and alcohol are categorized slightly differently in 2006 than they were in previous collections in the SSOCS series; therefore, direct comparisons between the years should not be made. Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2005–06 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2006.

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