Table 28. Percentage of public schools that had specified practices to monitor school climate, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 28. Percentage of public schools that had specified practices to monitor school climate, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003–04

School characteristic	Require students to wear uniforms	Enforce a strict dress code	Require faculty and staff to wear badges or picture IDs	Provide telephones in most classrooms	Provide two-way radios to any staff	Prohibit all tobacco use on school grounds
All public schools	14	55	48	61	71	89

Level¹
Primary	16	47	52	61	73	88
Middle	14	71	50	63	73	93
High school	4	64	41	65	69	93
Combined	12	67	27	48	54	78

Enrollment size
Less than 300	9	52	29	56	59	83
300–499	13	47	50	55	67	90
500–999	18	61	55	65	80	91
1,000 or more	13	66	59	72	80	92

Urbanicity
City	29	58	55	60	71	90
Urban fringe	12	52	58	67	77	91
Town	8	55	37	53	70	92
Rural	5	56	35	57	66	84

Crime level where students live²
High	37	59	58	65	74	86
Moderate	28	62	53	57	76	89
Low	6	52	45	62	69	88
Mixed	14	57	51	59	74	95

Percent minority enrollment³
Less than 5 percent	1	47	36	62	63	87
5 to 20 percent	4	49	50	66	73	90
20 to 50 percent	10	57	54	57	75	89
50 percent or more	35	63	49	59	72	89

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	1	45	54	73	73	91
21–50 percent	5	53	46	60	72	92
More than 50 percent	29	63	46	54	69	85

Percent of students below 15^th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	7	52	50	62	72	91
6–15 percent	12	53	46	61	70	88
More than 15 percent	24	62	50	59	72	87

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	22	57	46	56	70	86
36–60 percent	13	58	52	60	73	89
More than 60 percent	7	51	47	65	71	90

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	25	61	40	59	68	80
26–50 percent	17	53	47	56	70	86
51–75 percent	15	61	48	58	72	91
More than 75 percent	8	50	51	66	72	91

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	15	53	43	64	68	88
45–55 percent	13	55	49	61	72	89
More than 55 percent	17	59	42	58	69	88

Student-to-teacher ratio⁴
Less than 12 students	11	52	43	57	67	87
12–16 students	16	58	54	61	73	91
More than 16 students	16	57	49	69	79	89

Number of classroom changes⁵
0–3 changes	19	50	54	65	69	91
4–6 changes	14	52	46	59	73	86
More than 6 changes	9	65	45	59	70	91

Regular use of law enforcement⁶
Regular use	15	63	51	63	76	91
No regular use	13	49	45	59	67	87

Number of serious discipline problems⁷
No problems	12	54	48	60	71	88
1 problem	15	55	48	65	72	90
2 problems	18	61	51	55	74	91
3 or more problems	22	60	44	68	65	91

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁸
0 to 6 percent	10	47	38	65	66	87
6 to 11 percent	16	56	46	59	72	88
11 to 21 percent	12	55	53	62	74	89
21 percent or more	18	61	51	58	72	90

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁹
No disruptions	14	54	48	61	71	89
Any disruptions	17	66	53	58	75	87

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	9	46	41	67	67	88
3–5 percent	11	54	49	60	72	89
6–10 percent	19	59	49	60	72	89
More than 10 percent	22	60	47	60	68	87

Prevalence of violent incidents¹⁰
No violent incidents	7	39	50	62	63	85
Any violent incidents	15	59	47	61	73	90
¹ Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. High schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12.Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
² Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
³ These estimates exclude data from Tennessee because schools in this state did not report estimates of student race.
⁴ Student-to-teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁵ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁶ Respondents were asked, "During the 2003–2004 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school on a regular basis?"
⁷ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁸ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁹ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹⁰ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Reponses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2004.

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