Table 16. Number and percentage distribution of disciplinary actions taken for use of a firearm/explosive device, by selected school characteristics: 1999

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 16. Number and percentage distribution of disciplinary actions taken for use of a firearm/explosive device, by selected school characteristics: 1999–2000

School characteristic	Total offenses	Removals		Transfers to specialized schools ¹		Out-of-school suspensions		Other		No disciplinary action
School characteristic	Number	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
All public schools	7,095	632	9	606	9	4,516	64	1,136	16	204	3

Level
Elementary	678	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	304	45	#	#
Middle	1,643	206	13	255	16	434	26	632	38	‡	‡
Secondary	4,643	408	9	308	7	3,655	79	183	4	‡	‡
Combined	131	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	#	#

Enrollment size
Less than 300	285	‡	‡	‡	‡	#	#	245	86	#	#
300–499	742	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	379	51	‡	‡
500–999	4,513	45	1	292	6	3,771	84	309	7	‡	‡
1,000 or more	1,556	570	37	266	17	516	33	203	13	#	#

Urbanicity
City	1,759	301	17	260	15	805	46	373	21	‡	‡
Urban fringe	1,209	291	24	201	17	423	35	294	24	#	#
Town	101	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#
Rural	4,026	‡	‡	135	3	3,212	80	468	12	‡	‡

Crime level where students live ²
High	936	230	25	207	22	395	42	‡	‡	#	#
Moderate	587	38	6	46	8	300	51	107	18	‡	‡
Low	1,942	175	9	186	10	685	35	789	41	‡	‡
Mixed	3,630	‡	‡	167	5	3,137	86	‡	‡	#	#

Percent minority enrollment²
0–5 percent	510	‡	‡	‡	‡	146	29	237	47	‡	‡
6–20 percent	705	44	6	61	9	258	37	322	46	‡	‡
21–50 percent	1,051	264	25	175	17	302	29	‡	‡	‡	‡
More than 50 percent	4,807	307	6	338	7	3,811	79	351	7	#	#

Percent of students eligible for free/reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	859	45	5	59	7	328	38	338	39	‡	‡
21–50 percent	1,525	288	19	230	15	426	28	465	30	‡	‡
More than 50 percent	4,711	299	6	317	7	3,762	80	333	7	#	#

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	497	38	8	‡	‡	169	34	219	44	‡	‡
6–15 percent	1,441	110	8	195	14	508	35	443	31	‡	‡
More than 15 percent	5,157	484	9	361	7	3,838	74	473	9	#	#

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	4,621	270	6	329	7	3,699	80	322	7	#	#
36–60 percent	1,549	260	17	162	10	406	26	516	33	204	13
More than 60 percent	926	102	11	115	12	410	44	298	32	#	#

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	749	76	10	143	19	322	43	208	28	#	#
26–50 percent	1,146	385	34	106	9	289	25	182	16	‡	‡
51–75 percent	1,131	55	5	137	12	515	46	423	37	#	#
More than 75 percent	4,069	116	3	220	5	3,390	83	323	8	‡	‡

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	588	225	38	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡
45–55 percent	6,388	381	6	543	9	4,499	70	857	13	‡	‡
More than 55 percent	119	‡	‡	‡	‡	#	#	‡	‡	#	#

Student/teacher ratio²,³
Less than 12	677	‡	‡	133	20	86	13	313	46	‡	‡
12–16	4,176	278	7	146	4	3,485	83	179	4	‡	‡
More than 16	2,087	307	15	327	16	937	45	516	25	#	#

Number of classroom changes²
0–3 changes	594	‡	‡	‡	‡	409	69	‡	‡	#	#
4–6 changes	4,959	358	7	293	6	3,824	77	388	8	‡	‡
More than 6 changes	1,425	248	17	302	21	244	17	522	37	‡	‡

Use of paid law enforcement ⁴
Regular use	6,576	632	10	606	9	4,345	66	788	12	204	3
No regular use	519	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	348	67	#	#

Number of serious discipline problems ⁵
No problems	1,199	101	8	61	5	297	25	652	54	‡	‡
1 problem	3,641	‡	‡	167	5	3,266	90	191	5	#	#
2 problems	889	47	5	183	21	406	46	138	16	‡	‡
3 or more problems	1,366	468	34	196	14	548	40	155	11	#	#

Transfers as percentage of enrollment²,⁶
0 to 6 percent	3,924	316	8	125	3	3,288	84	195	5	#	#
6 to 11 percent	777	56	7	62	8	404	52	235	30	‡	‡
11 to 21 percent	764	53	7	116	15	288	38	210	28	‡	‡
21 percent or more	1,388	208	15	271	19	507	37	402	29	#	#

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions²,⁷
No disruptions	5,524	127	2	354	6	4,074	74	853	15	‡	‡
Any disruptions	918	267	29	170	19	344	37	137	15	#	#

Percent of students absent without excuses
None	382	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	165	43	‡	‡
1–2 percent	1,176	56	5	41	4	330	28	652	55	‡	‡
3–5 percent	1,017	251	25	155	15	542	53	69	7	#	#
6–10 percent	3,534	129	4	162	5	3,143	89	100	3	#	#
More than 10 percent	986	‡	‡	180	18	460	47	150	15	#	#

Prevalence of violent incidents²,⁸
No violent incidents	428	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	#	#
Any violent incidents	6,667	599	9	556	8	4,268	64	1,007	15	204	3
# Rounds to zero.
‡ Reporting standards not met.
¹ Specialized school was defined for respondents as, "a school that is specifically for students who were referred for disciplinary reasons. The school may also have students who were referred for other reasons. The school may be at the same location as your school."
² Some schools are omitted from these categories because of missing data on their school characteristics. For this reason, the detailed results do not sum to the totals. See appendix J of 2000 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) Detailed Data Documentation (NCES 2004-307) for further information.
³ Student/teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. The total number of full-time equivalent teachers is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers, including special education teachers, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁴ Schools were included as regularly using paid law enforcement if they reported the use of paid law enforcement during any of the following times: at any time during school hours, while students were arriving or leaving, at selected school activities (e.g., athletic and social events, open houses, science fairs), or at any other time that the respondent specified.
⁵ Serious discipline problems is a count of discipline problems reported by principals. These discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, and student acts of disrespect for teachers. If a principal reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems. Undesirable gang activities and undesirable cult or extremist group activities were also counted once as a problem if the principal reported that these events occurred at all in their school.
⁶ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school, divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁷ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as bomb threats or anthrax threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
⁸ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. "At school/at your school" was defined for respondents as including activities happening in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponsored events or activities. Respondents were instructed to, unless the survey specified otherwise, only respond for those times that were during normal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. "Firearm/explosive device" was defined for respondents as, "any weapon that is designed to (or may readily be converted to) expel a projectile by the action of an explosive. This includes guns, bombs, grenades, mines, rockets, missiles, pipe bombs, or similar devices designed to explode and capable of causing bodily harm or property damage." A gang was defined for respondents as, "an ongoing loosely organized association of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, that has a common name, signs, symbols or colors, whose members engage, either individually or collectively, in violent or other forms of illegal behavior." Elementary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. Secondary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000.

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