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Table 35.  Percentage of public school districts that used pay incentives for various reasons, by state: 2003–04

State To reward teachers who have attained National Board for Professional Teaching Standards certification   To reward excellence in teaching   To reward completion of in-service professional development   To recruit or retain teachers to teach in a less desirable location1   To recruit or retain teachers to teach in fields of shortage  
United States  18.4   7.9   24.2   4.6   11.9  
                     
Alabama  65.5   2.3 ! 14.9   6.3 ! 5.7 !
Alaska  18.9   7.7   27.3   15.4   4.6 !
Arizona  14.4   38.5   53.5   7.2   24.2  
Arkansas  42.9   3.8 ! 6.7   1.1   9.1  
California  17.9 ! 16.0 ! 32.2   8.4 ! 12.8 !
                     
Colorado  6.4   5.7   56.6   1.7   9.9  
Connecticut  22.2   3.9   8.5   1.0   8.8  
Delaware  87.8   37.7 ! 82.9   #   8.8  
District of Columbia  34.2 ! 48.7 ! 34.2 ! #   95.9  
Florida  79.5   70.2   29.3   13.5   16.1 !
                     
Georgia  44.9   14.6 ! 37.7   15.8   31.6  
Hawaii  100.0   #   100.0   100.0   100.0  
Idaho  37.0   5.9   31.8   1.5   6.8  
Illinois  11.4 ! 3.1 ! 23.3   1.4   5.5 !
Indiana  10.3   1.3   20.8   0.5   2.5  
                     
Iowa  15.3   #   12.5   1.8 ! 13.7  
Kansas  20.5   6.6   46.6   3.8 ! 8.8  
Kentucky  75.6   2.4   9.0   9.8   9.8  
Louisiana  73.1   6.0   24.7   21.2   12.7 !
Maine  9.7   2.1   12.9   0.9   7.0  
                     
Maryland  95.5   4.5   35.1   17.3   22.3  
Massachusetts  16.1   5.9   35.7   4.0 ! 6.2  
Michigan  4.2   7.9   10.4 ! #   12.1 !
Minnesota  13.0   5.5 ! 21.2   3.1 ! 8.8  
Mississippi  63.9   15.9   13.1   15.2   8.2  
                     
Missouri  10.4   9.7   17.2   7.0 ! 4.8 !
Montana  6.1   8.8 ! 12.7   5.6   11.9  
Nebraska  1.6   0.5   15.4 ! #   6.1  
Nevada  51.9   #   46.0   30.2   29.9  
New Hampshire  6.9 ! 11.7 ! 26.7   #   0.6  
                     
New Jersey  3.7   2.9 ! 22.0 ! 1.2   7.0  
New Mexico  22.9   3.5   13.9   8.2   32.1  
New York  19.5   2.0 ! 66.7   1.8 ! 8.3 !
North Carolina  65.7   28.1   22.4   23.4   39.5  
North Dakota  5.2   3.1   30.0   8.1   16.3  
                     
Ohio  17.5   5.5 ! 24.4   1.2   2.9 !
Oklahoma  36.9   5.2   14.9   1.0   5.5  
Oregon  11.0   6.0 ! 11.0   7.6 ! 13.7  
Pennsylvania  7.6   7.7   10.8   1.4   6.9  
Rhode Island  58.3   7.6   34.9   #   #  
                     
South Carolina  61.2   8.0 ! 9.6   11.1   12.1  
South Dakota  15.0   2.7   24.0   6.9   3.6  
Tennessee  4.2   10.1 ! 11.5   5.1   8.4  
Texas  4.4 ! 9.9   12.1   9.1   37.7  
Utah  21.2   15.8   68.9   7.8   29.3  
                     
Vermont           
Virginia  36.7   6.3   25.6   9.6 ! 12.2  
Washington  38.4   #   27.4   2.3   2.0  
West Virginia  65.0   7.4   14.9   #   9.9  
Wisconsin  14.8   2.5 ! 26.1   4.0 ! 6.1  
Wyoming  26.1   3.8   37.0   8.7   21.3  
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent or more of the estimate's value.
‡ Reporting standards not met. The base-weighted unit response rate was below 50 percent.
1 For districts, this item had a final weighted response rate of less than 70 percent.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey, District Data File, 2003–04.