IEA: Percentage distribution and average achievement scores of fourth-grade students reading for information outside of school as reported in PIRLS, by reading frequency and country: 2006

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Table D.1.09.

IEA: Percentage distribution and average achievement scores of fourth-grade students reading for information outside of school as reported in PIRLS, by reading frequency and country: 2006

— Not available.
	Every day or almost every day								Once or twice a week								Once or twice a month								Never or almost never
	2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001
Countries	Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.
International average	16	0.1	492	0.8	†		†		43	0.2	503	0.6	†		†		29	0.1	506	0.7	†		†		12	0.1	496	1.3	†		†

South Africa	36	1.1	302	6.0	—		†		45	0.7	307	5.8	—		†		16	0.8	317	10.1	—		†		3	0.5	304	19.7	—		†
Macedonia, Rep. of	33	1.3	440	5.4	‡		†		48	1.1	453	4.4	‡		†		16	1.2	447	6.3	‡		†		2	0.3	—	†	#		†
Qatar	33	0.6	359	1.9	—		†		49	0.6	355	1.7	—		†		15	0.4	359	3.5	—		†		3	0.2	345	7.6	—		†
Kuwait	30	1.4	342	5.6	—		†		50	1.1	343	4.5	—		†		16	0.9	329	6.4	—		†		3	0.6	295	15.3	—		†
Trinidad and Tobago	29	1.4	440	6.2	—		†		48	1.2	435	5.9	—		†		18	0.8	444	5.8	—		†		4	0.5	414	13.6	—		†

Israel	21	0.8	499	5.4	‡		†		44	1.0	510	4.0	‡		†		25	1.0	532	3.9	‡		†		10	0.6	549	5.1	2	!	0.8	∆
Poland	21	0.8	523	2.9	—		†		46	0.9	522	3.3	—		†		27	0.7	518	3.4	—		†		6	0.5	508	6.8	—		†
Slovak Republic	20	1.0	527	4.2	‡		†		50	0.9	539	2.5	#		†		24	0.8	530	4.3	‡		†		6	0.6	492	15.3	‡		†
Moldova, Rep. of	19	1.0	497	4.0	‡		†		50	1.3	503	3.9	5	!	2.3		24	1.3	500	4.3	-5	!	2.1	▼	7	0.9	492	8.7	#		†
Indonesia	19	0.9	409	5.4	—		†		50	1.1	409	4.4	—		†		25	1.0	407	5.1	—		†		6	0.9	391	8.0	—		†

Hungary	19	0.9	533	4.6	#		†		50	0.9	552	3.5	4	!	1.3	∆	25	0.8	562	3.4	-3	!	1.3	▼	7	0.5	558	6.4	#		†
Russian Federation	18	0.9	555	4.2	‡		†		47	0.7	564	3.7	‡		†		28	0.9	572	3.5	‡		†		7	0.5	570	5.6	2	!	0.9
Slovenia	18	0.6	510	3.3	-5		1.3	▼	49	0.9	519	2.6	‡		†		26	0.7	533	2.9	‡		†		8	0.5	524	4.9	2	!	0.7	∆
Lithuania	18	0.8	530	3.3	-4	!	1.3	▼	53	0.9	538	1.9	‡		†		25	0.8	541	2.4	#		†		4	0.4	533	4.7	3		0.4	∆
Bulgaria	17	1.1	544	6.7	-10		1.6	▼	47	1.5	556	4.5	‡		†		25	1.2	550	4.3	4	!	1.6	∆	11	1.3	521	9.6	4	!	1.6	∆

Romania	16	1.0	493	6.1	‡		†		49	1.4	500	5.4	‡		†		26	1.1	490	5.5	‡		†		9	1.0	444	12.7	5		1.1	∆
Singapore	16	0.5	558	3.5	-8		0.9	▼	47	0.8	561	3.2	#		†		28	0.7	561	3.4	4		0.9	∆	8	0.3	538	4.4	4		0.4	∆
Latvia	16	0.8	530	4.8	-3	!	1.3	▼	48	0.9	541	2.9	‡		†		29	0.9	547	2.9	4	!	1.7	∆	7	0.6	545	5.1	3		0.7	∆
Georgia	16	1.3	465	4.5	—		†		43	1.3	480	3.0	—		†		30	1.5	475	4.7	—		†		11	1.0	450	10.3	—		†
Germany	15	0.6	536	3.3	‡		†		40	0.8	551	3.1	‡		†		32	0.7	555	2.6	-4	!	1.0	▼	13	0.7	547	3.7	#		†

Austria	15	0.7	526	3.3	—		†		43	1.0	540	2.7	—		†		31	0.8	540	2.7	—		†		12	0.7	543	4.3	—		†
Spain	14	0.8	501	3.6	—		†		45	1.1	513	3.0	—		†		30	0.9	518	2.7	—		†		10	0.6	514	5.4	—		†
New Zealand	14	0.6	514	4.5	‡		†		43	0.8	534	2.2	‡		†		31	0.6	541	2.7	-4	!	1.3	▼	12	0.7	531	5.2	3	!	0.9	∆
United States	14	0.6	519	4.5	-4		1.1	▼	43	0.9	538	3.5	‡		†		33	1.0	553	4.0	‡		†		10	0.6	546	5.3	3	!	0.9	∆
Scotland	13	0.8	506	5.2	‡		†		42	1.0	527	3.6	‡		†		34	1.0	538	3.0	‡		†		11	1.0	522	6.7	3	!	1.2	∆

Morocco	13	1.2	324	7.5	‡		†		45	1.6	326	6.8	5	!	2.4	∆	28	1.4	331	9.1	-5	!	2.4		14	1.8	310	12.6	‡		†
Belgium (French)	13	0.7	480	4.6	—		†		40	0.8	498	2.9	—		†		31	0.7	506	3.1	—		†		16	0.8	510	3.6	—		†
France	12	0.7	506	4.0	‡		†		40	0.8	520	2.2	‡		†		34	0.9	527	3.0	-5		1.4	▼	14	0.6	530	3.8	3		0.8	∆
Hong Kong SAR¹	12	0.5	554	4.0	4		0.7	∆	43	0.8	569	2.6	#		†		32	0.8	567	2.5	-8		1.1	▼	13	0.6	550	3.5	4		0.7	∆
Canada, Nova Scotia	12	0.6	523	4.5	—		†		42	1.0	545	2.6	—		†		33	0.8	552	2.7	—		†		13	0.6	533	4.0	—		†

Iran, Islamic Rep. of	11	0.8	435	6.7	‡		†	▼	40	1.5	436	3.8	‡		†		35	1.2	421	4.0	‡		†		14	1.2	374	9.4	4	!	1.5	∆
Norway	11	0.7	485	4.7	#		†		38	0.9	499	2.7	#		†		34	0.9	503	3.7	-4	!	1.5	▼	17	0.8	497	3.9	3	!	1.3	∆
Italy	11	0.8	539	6.3	‡		†		40	0.8	554	3.1	‡		†		36	1.0	554	3.7	‡		†		14	0.8	552	4.8	‡		†
Canada, Ontario	11	0.9	532	6.2	-3	!	1.2	▼	40	1.5	554	3.1	‡		†		35	1.2	558	3.3	‡		†		14	1.0	564	4.5	4		1.1	∆
Canada, Alberta	10	0.6	543	4.2	—		†		43	0.9	560	2.7	—		†		34	0.8	566	2.8	—		†		13	0.6	565	4.2	—		†

England	10	0.7	502	5.5	‡		†		44	1.0	537	2.8	#		†		35	1.1	556	3.2	‡		†		11	0.7	537	5.8	3	!	0.9	∆
Canada, Quebec	10	0.6	520	3.9	‡		†		37	1.1	532	3.3	-6		1.5	▼	35	1.1	536	3.6	#		†		18	1.0	539	4.2	8		1.2	∆
Sweden	9	0.7	539	6.0	2	!	0.8	∆	33	1.0	550	2.8	‡		†		36	0.8	553	2.7	-6		1.1	▼	23	1.1	548	3.0	‡		†
Canada, British Columbia	9	0.6	541	5.3	—		†		39	1.0	557	3.3	—		†		38	0.8	564	3.1	—		†		14	0.7	561	4.2	—		†
Chinese Taipei	8	0.4	538	3.6	—		†		38	0.8	538	2.2	—		†		38	0.8	536	2.8	—		†		16	0.7	529	3.5	—		†

Iceland	8	0.4	496	4.9	‡		†		33	0.8	511	2.0	#		†		36	0.7	515	2.1	-4		1.1	▼	22	0.7	514	2.2	4		0.9	∆
Denmark	6	0.5	526	5.7	—		†		30	1.0	539	3.1	—		†		40	0.9	549	2.6	—		†		25	1.1	557	3.7	—		†
Luxembourg	6	0.3	542	4.1	—		†		33	0.6	555	2.0	—		†		41	0.6	560	1.6	—		†		20	0.4	559	2.3	—		†
Belgium (Flemish)	4	0.4	532	5.7	—		†		29	1.0	544	2.8	—		†		42	0.8	549	2.3	—		†		25	0.8	550	2.1	—		†
Netherlands	4	0.4	528	6.0	#		†		25	1.0	542	2.3	‡		†		38	0.9	552	2.1	-5		1.3	▼	34	1.2	549	2.2	4	!	1.5	∆
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either data are insufficient to report achievement or the coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5.
∆ 2006 percent significantly higher.
▼ 2006 percent significantly lower.
¹Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
NOTE: The data are based on students' responses on how often they read to find out about things they want to learn and how often they read the following things outside of school: books that explain things, magazines, newspapers, directions or instructions, and brochures and catalogues. Average is computed on a 4-point scale: Never or almost never = 1, Once or twice a month = 2, Once or twice a week = 3, and Every day or almost every day = 4. Every day or almost every day indicates an average of greater than 3.25 through 4. Once or twice a week indicates an average of greater than 2.5 through 3.25. Once or twice a month indicates an average of greater than 1.75 through 2.5. Never or almost never indicates an average of 1 to less than 1.75. Please note that “I read brochures and catalogs” is a new item added to the index in 2006, and is not included in the 2001 index calculations. The international average does not include the Canadian provinces. The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia underwent structural changes. (In 2001, the Russian sample contained both third- and fourth-grade students; in 2006, however, all students were in fourth grade. Slovenia is in transition towards having all children begin school at an earlier age so that instead of having three years of primary schooling, as was the case in 2001, they all will have four years. This transition was not complete in 2006, however.) Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools. Differences are significant at the p<0.05 level. Standard error is noted by s.e.
SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), 2006. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Kennedy, A.M., and Foy, P. (2007). PIRLS 2006 International Report, exhibit 4.4. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

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