IEA: Percentage distribution and average achievement scores of fourth-grade students reading stories or novels outside of school as reported in PIRLS, by reading frequency and country: 2006

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Table D.1.08.

IEA: Percentage distribution and average achievement scores of fourth-grade students reading stories or novels outside of school as reported in PIRLS, by reading frequency and country: 2006

— Not available.
	Every day or almost every day								Once or twice a week								Once or twice a month								Never or almost never
	2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001
Countries	Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.
International average	32	0.2	512	0.6	†		†		31	0.2	503	0.6	†		†		18	0.1	500	0.7	†		†		19	0.2	479	0.9	†		†

Canada, British Columbia	57	1.2	572	2.5	—		†		26	0.7	552	3.2	—		†		11	0.7	539	4.1	—		†		6	0.6	511	7.0	—		†
Canada, Nova Scotia	54	1.0	557	2.4	—		†		26	0.8	534	2.9	—		†		12	0.5	531	3.9	—		†		8	0.5	497	6.3	—		†
Canada, Alberta	53	1.2	577	2.7	—		†		27	0.9	549	3.5	—		†		12	0.7	544	3.4	—		†		8	0.6	523	4.9	—		†
Canada, Ontario	50	1.7	566	3.2	#		†		28	1.4	548	3.0	#		†		14	0.9	544	5.1	#		†		7	0.7	520	7.5	‡		†
Russian Federation	50	1.1	568	3.6	-6		1.9	▼	32	0.7	565	3.6	3	!	1.3	∆	11	0.6	563	4.9	2	!	0.9	∆	7	0.6	548	5.4	‡		†

Trinidad and Tobago	47	1.4	452	5.8	—		†		31	1.3	431	6.6	—		†		10	0.6	420	7.1	—		†		11	1.0	408	7.2	—		†
New Zealand	46	1.1	556	2.3	#		†		29	0.8	526	2.6	‡		†		14	0.6	513	3.9	‡		†		10	0.6	473	4.2	#		†
Israel	46	1.0	532	4.2	16		1.5	∆	32	0.8	513	3.8	6		1.3	∆	15	0.6	495	4.8	‡		†		7	0.5	481	7.2	-22		1.4	▼
Netherlands	45	1.0	558	2.0	‡		†		28	0.7	542	1.8	‡		†		13	0.6	540	2.2	#		†		14	0.7	531	3.2	#		†
Singapore	44	1.1	579	3.0	-9		1.6	▼	33	0.8	555	3.1	6		1.1	∆	15	0.5	534	3.5	4		0.7	∆	8	0.4	505	4.6	‡		†

Macedonia, Rep. of	44	1.5	442	5.1	‡		†		35	1.3	449	5.0	‡		†		16	1.1	452	7.1	‡		†		5	0.4	445	10.1	‡		†
Canada, Quebec	44	1.4	546	3.3	5	!	1.9	∆	28	0.8	530	3.1	‡		†		16	0.9	528	3.4	‡		†		12	0.9	502	5.1	-4	!	1.6	▼
Iceland	42	0.9	522	2.4	‡		†		27	0.8	512	2.3	‡		†		16	0.6	508	2.8	2	!	0.8	∆	15	0.6	486	2.9	‡		†
South Africa	39	1.0	308	7.0	—		†		33	0.6	310	6.7	—		†		14	0.5	302	6.6	—		†		13	0.7	294	7.2	—		†
Qatar	37	0.6	361	2.1	—		†		37	0.6	359	2.0	—		†		15	0.4	347	3.4	—		†		10	0.4	342	4.4	—		†

United States	36	1.3	558	4.6	‡		†		28	0.8	541	3.6	‡		†		18	0.7	539	3.6	‡		†		18	0.9	509	3.2	-3	!	1.3
Hungary	36	1.2	554	4.6	‡		†		34	0.9	553	3.5	‡		†		20	0.9	553	2.9	‡		†		10	0.7	535	6.7	‡		†
Hong Kong SAR¹	36	0.9	575	2.4	16		1.3	∆	40	0.8	568	2.6	-5		1.2	▼	17	0.7	550	3.3	-6		1.0	▼	7	0.5	518	5.0	-5		0.8	▼
Scotland	35	1.3	555	4.2	-5	!	1.8	▼	29	0.9	525	3.3	‡		†		18	0.9	521	3.8	3	!	1.2	∆	17	1.2	484	4.8	5	!	1.5	∆
Kuwait	33	1.2	351	5.2	—		†		40	1.0	337	4.9	—		†		19	0.8	326	5.8	—		†		8	0.7	312	8.9	—		†

England	33	1.2	573	3.9	-5	!	1.8	▼	30	1.0	535	3.2	‡		†		20	0.7	536	4.2	3	!	1.0	∆	17	0.8	492	3.5	3	!	1.2	∆
Germany	32	0.7	566	3.0	5		1.0	∆	21	0.8	547	3.7	#		†		16	0.5	550	3.6	‡		†		31	0.9	535	2.6	-6		1.4	▼
France	32	1.0	533	2.9	‡		†		30	0.8	524	2.3	‡		†		19	0.6	522	2.8	‡		†		19	0.9	501	2.9	‡		†
Georgia	32	1.5	467	3.5	—		†		32	1.3	479	3.5	—		†		20	1.4	484	6.8	—		†		17	1.2	459	5.6	—		†
Belgium (Flemish)	31	0.9	557	2.8	—		†		34	0.9	546	2.4	—		†		21	0.8	545	3.0	—		†		14	0.8	530	3.3	—		†

Spain	31	1.1	511	3.7	—		†		24	0.8	515	3.0	—		†		15	0.6	523	3.7	—		†		29	1.0	508	3.2	—		†
Poland	31	1.1	524	3.3	—		†		37	1.2	524	3.1	—		†		21	0.8	516	3.7	—		†		11	0.8	504	4.6	—		†
Sweden	30	0.9	564	3.2	-3	!	1.3	▼	33	0.9	549	3.4	‡		†		22	0.8	546	2.7	#		†		15	0.8	529	3.4	3	!	1.0	∆
Chinese Taipei	30	0.8	549	2.7	—		†		36	0.9	541	2.4	—		†		20	0.7	531	3.2	—		†		15	0.7	505	3.1	—		†
Denmark	29	1.1	558	3.2	—		†		26	0.8	548	3.2	—		†		20	0.8	551	3.0	—		†		25	1.1	529	3.0	—		†

Belgium (French)	28	0.9	509	3.7	—		†		27	0.8	498	3.5	—		†		18	0.7	507	3.3	—		†		27	0.9	488	3.0	—		†
Lithuania	28	1.0	542	2.5	‡		†		30	0.9	538	2.5	‡		†		19	0.7	540	2.6	‡		†		23	1.0	528	2.4	‡		†
Morocco	27	1.2	334	6.2	9		1.6	∆	36	1.5	334	6.3	‡		†		21	1.5	327	10.2	-4	!	1.9		16	2.5	282	16.8	-8	!	3.5	▼
Romania	27	1.4	491	6.1	7		1.9	∆	34	1.3	497	5.8	-4	!	1.9	▼	23	1.3	503	5.8	-4	!	1.8	▼	16	1.1	463	9.8	‡		†
Iran, Islamic Rep. of	25	0.9	435	5.8	‡		†		43	1.3	429	3.6	‡		†		22	0.9	423	4.3	‡		†		10	1.0	356	9.3	-5	!	1.6	▼

Luxembourg	24	0.6	587	2.6	—		†		24	0.6	554	2.6	—		†		21	0.5	553	2.4	—		†		31	0.6	539	1.8	—		†
Norway	23	1.1	509	3.2	5		1.4	∆	24	0.9	501	3.5	‡		†		21	0.8	503	5.1	‡		†		32	1.2	488	3.5	-5	!	1.8	▼
Austria	23	0.9	554	3.0	—		†		23	0.8	541	3.0	—		†		18	0.7	537	3.8	—		†		37	1.1	528	2.6	—		†
Indonesia	22	1.0	399	4.8	—		†		36	1.1	413	4.4	—		†		16	0.7	411	5.7	—		†		25	1.2	406	6.0	—		†
Bulgaria	22	1.0	558	6.4	-6		1.6	▼	26	1.0	555	4.9	‡		†		23	1.0	555	6.0	‡		†		29	1.3	529	5.2	7		2.0	∆

Italy	22	1.2	573	4.4	7		1.4	∆	20	1.0	556	3.3	‡		†		15	0.8	554	4.1	‡		†		43	1.3	540	3.3	-7		1.7	▼
Slovenia	21	0.8	536	3.0	-5		1.4	▼	29	0.8	520	3.0	‡		†		23	0.8	522	3.0	4	!	1.3	∆	28	0.9	513	2.5	#		†
Moldova, Rep. of	19	1.0	499	4.4	-4	!	1.8	▼	37	1.2	503	3.7	-7	!	2.2	▼	23	0.9	504	4.1	#		†		21	1.1	493	4.4	11		1.6	∆
Latvia	19	0.9	558	4.0	-4	!	1.3	▼	25	1.1	548	3.6	‡		†		21	0.9	544	3.6	‡		†		36	1.4	526	2.5	6		1.7	∆
Slovak Republic	15	0.7	540	4.5	#		†		21	0.9	536	3.5	#		†		21	0.7	540	3.7	‡		†		43	1.1	522	3.9	‡		†
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either data are insufficient to report achievement or the coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5.
∆ 2006 percent significantly higher.
▼ 2006 percent significantly lower.
¹Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
NOTE: The international average does not include the Canadian provinces. The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia underwent structural changes. (In 2001, the Russian sample contained both third- and fourth-grade students; in 2006, however, all students were in fourth grade. Slovenia is in transition towards having all children begin school at an earlier age so that instead of having three years of primary schooling, as was the case in 2001, they all will have four years. This transition was not complete in 2006, however.) Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools. Differences are significant at the p<0.05 level. Standard error is noted by s.e.
SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), 2006. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Kennedy, A.M., and Foy, P. (2007). PIRLS 2006 International Report, exhibit 4.3. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.