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| Table C.4.16. | OECD: Public expenditure on education as a percentage of total public expenditure and of gross domestic product (GDP), by year, level of education and country: 1995, 2000, 2008 |
| Country | Public expenditure1 on education as a percentage of total public expenditure |
Public expenditure1 on education as a percentage of GDP |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2000 | 2008 | 1995 | 2000 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| All levels of education combined | All levels of education combined | Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education | Tertiary education | All levels of education combined | All levels of education combined | All levels of education combined | Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education | Tertiary education | All levels of education combined | ||||||
| OECD average | 11.8 | 12.7 | 8.7 | 3.0 | 12.9 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 5.4 | |||||
| OECD countries | |||||||||||||||
| Australia | 13.8 | 13.8 | 9.7 | 3.0 | 12.9 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 4.2 | |||||
| Austria | 10.8 | 10.7 | 7.2 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 5.5 | |||||
| Belgium | - | 12.0 | 8.7 | 2.8 | 12.9 | - | 5.9 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 6.5 | |||||
| Canada2 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 12.3 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 4.9 | |||||
| Chile3 | 14.5 | 17.5 | 12.3 | 2.2 | 16.8 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 4.6 | |||||
| Czech Republic | 8.7 | 9.5 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 4.1 | |||||
| Denmark | 12.3 | 15.4 | 8.9 | 4.2 | 14.9 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 7.7 | |||||
| Estonia | 13.9 | 14.8 | 10.0 | 2.8 | 14.2 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 5.7 | |||||
| Finland | 11.1 | 12.5 | 7.9 | 3.9 | 12.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 3.9 | 1.9 | 6.1 | |||||
| France | 11.5 | 11.6 | 7.0 | 2.3 | 10.6 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 5.6 | |||||
| Germany | 8.6 | 10.1 | 6.5 | 2.8 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 4.6 | |||||
| Greece | 5.6 | 7.3 | - | - | - | 2.6 | 3.4 | - | - | - | |||||
| Hungary | 9.4 | 10.4 | 6.3 | 2.1 | 10.4 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 5.1 | |||||
| Iceland | - | 15.9 | 8.6 | 2.6 | 13.1 | - | 6.7 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 7.6 | |||||
| Ireland | 12.2 | 13.7 | 10.3 | 3.1 | 13.4 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 5.7 | |||||
| Israel | 12.6 | 13.4 | 9.2 | 2.2 | 13.7 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 5.9 | |||||
| Italy | 9.0 | 9.8 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 9.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 4.6 | |||||
| Japan | 9.7 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 1.8 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 3.4 | |||||
| Korea | - | 16.6 | 11.0 | 2.2 | 15.8 | - | 3.7 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 4.8 | |||||
| Luxembourg | - | - | 7.6 | - | - | - | - | 2.8 | - | - | |||||
| Mexico | 22.2 | 23.4 | 13.6 | 3.9 | 20.6 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 4.9 | |||||
| Netherlands | 9.1 | 11.2 | 7.7 | 3.3 | 11.9 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 5.5 | |||||
| New Zealand | 16.5 | - | 11.8 | 5.5 | 18.6 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 6.4 | |||||
| Norway | 15.6 | 14.0 | 9.6 | 5.1 | 16.0 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 9.0 | |||||
| Poland | 11.9 | 12.7 | 8.0 | 2.4 | 11.8 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 5.1 | |||||
| Portugal | 11.9 | 12.7 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 11.2 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 4.9 | |||||
| Slovak Republic | 9.4 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 2.2 | 10.3 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 3.6 | |||||
| Slovenia | - | - | 7.9 | 2.7 | 11.8 | - | - | 3.5 | 1.2 | 5.2 | |||||
| Spain | 10.3 | 10.9 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 11.2 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 4.6 | |||||
| Sweden | 10.9 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 13.1 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 6.8 | |||||
| Switzerland | 13.5 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 4.0 | 16.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 5.4 | |||||
| Turkey | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| United Kingdom | 11.4 | 11.0 | 8.7 | 1.7 | 11.1 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 5.4 | |||||
| United States | 12.5 | 14.4 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 13.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 5.4 | |||||
| Non-OECD member countries | |||||||||||||||
| Argentina | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.0 | 1.0 | 5.4 | |||||
| Brazil | 11.2 | 10.5 | 13.3 | 2.8 | 17.4 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 5.5 | |||||
| China | - | - | - | - | 16.3 | - | - | - | - | 3.3 | |||||
| India | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| Indonesia2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.2 | 0.3 | 3.5 | |||||
| Russian Federation | - | 10.6 | - | - | - | - | 2.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 4.1 | |||||
| Saudi Arabia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| South Africa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| — Not available. | |||||||||||||||
| 1Public expenditure presented in this table includes public subsidies to households for living costs (scholarships and grants to students/households and students loans), which are not spent on educational institutions. Thus the figures presented here exceed those on public spending on institutions found in table C.4.14. | |||||||||||||||
| 2Year of reference 2007 instead of 2008. | |||||||||||||||
| 3Year of reference 2009 instead of 2008. | |||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Educational institutions are defined as entities that provide instructional services to individuals or education-related services to individuals and other educational institutions. Post-secondary non-tertiary typically refers to any programs that serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already completed high school but not entered vocational or higher education (typically lasting between six months and two years). Tertiary education typically refers to vocational training (type B) or higher education (type A), as well as advanced research programs. Apparent differences may not be statistically significant. | |||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2011, table B4.1. Paris: Author. |
