OECD: Public and private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), by level of education and country: 2008

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Table C.4.13.

OECD: Public and private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), by level of education and country: 2008

Country	Pre-primary education (for children aged 3 and older)	Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education							Tertiary education					All levels of education combined (including undistributed programs)
Country	Pre-primary education (for children aged 3 and older)	All primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education		Primary and lower secondary education		Upper secondary education		Post-secondary non-tertiary education	All tertiary education		Tertiary-type B education		Tertiary-type A education and advanced research programs
OECD average	0.5	3.8		2.5		1.2		#	1.5		0.2		1.3	5.9
OECD countries
Australia	0.1	3.6		2.7		0.7		0.1	1.5		0.1		1.3	5.2
Austria	0.5	3.6		2.3		1.3		#	1.3		0.0		1.3	5.4
Belgium	0.6	4.4		1.6	¹	2.9	²	-	1.4	³	-		-	6.6
Canada⁴	-	3.5		2.1	⁵	1.4		-	2.5		1.0	⁶	1.6	6.0
Chile⁷	0.7	4.2		2.8		1.4		†	2.2		0.5		1.6	7.1
Czech Republic	0.5	2.8		1.6		1.1		#	1.2		#		1.1	4.5
Denmark	0.7	4.3		3.0		1.3	²	-	1.7	⁸	-		-	7.1
Estonia	0.5	3.9		2.5		1.2		0.2	1.3		0.4		0.9	5.8
Finland	0.4	3.8		2.3		1.4	²	-	1.7		#		1.7	5.9
France	0.7	3.9		2.5		1.4		#	1.4		0.3		1.1	6.0
Germany	0.5	3.0		1.9		1.0		0.1	1.2		0.1		1.1	4.8
Greece	-	-		-		-		-	-		-		-	-
Hungary⁴	0.7	3.0		1.8		1.0		0.1	0.9		#		0.8	4.8
Iceland	1.0	5.1		3.7		1.4	²	-	1.3	³	-		-	7.9
Ireland	#	4.1		3.0		0.9		0.2	1.4	³	-		-	5.6
Israel	0.8	4.2		2.3		1.9		#	1.6		0.3		1.3	7.3
Italy	0.5	3.3		2.0		1.3		#	1.0		#		1.0	4.8
Japan	0.2	2.8		2.0		0.8	²	-	1.5	⁹	0.2		1.2	4.9
Korea	0.2	4.2		2.7		1.5		†	2.6		0.4		2.2	7.6
Luxembourg	0.5	2.9		2.0		0.9		-	-		-		-	-
Mexico	0.7	3.7		2.9		0.8		†	1.2	³	-		-	5.8
Netherlands	0.4	3.7		2.5		1.2		#	1.5		#		1.5	5.6
New Zealand	0.5	4.5		2.8		1.5		0.2	1.6		0.3		1.3	6.6
Norway¹⁰	0.5	5.0		3.4		1.6	²	-	1.7	³	-		-	7.4
Poland	0.7	3.6		2.5		1.1		#	1.5		#		1.5	5.7
Portugal	0.4	3.4		2.4		1.0		-	1.3	³	-		-	5.2
Slovak Republic	0.4	2.6		1.6		1.0	¹¹	-	0.9		-		0.9	4.0
Slovenia	0.6	3.7		2.6		1.1	²	-	1.1	³	-		-	5.4
Spain	0.8	3.1		2.4		0.7		†	1.2		0.2		1.0	5.1
Sweden	0.7	4.0		2.7		1.3		#	1.6	³	-		-	6.3
Switzerland¹⁰	0.2	4.3		2.7		1.6	²	-	1.2		#		1.2	5.7
Turkey	-	-		-		-		†	-		-		-	-
United Kingdom	0.3	4.2		2.8		1.4		#	1.2	³	-		-	5.7
United States	0.4	4.1		3.0		1.1		-	2.7	³	-		-	7.2
Non-OECD member countries
Argentina	0.6	4.3		3.4		0.9		†	1.2		0.3		0.8	6.1
Brazil¹⁰	0.4	4.1		3.4		0.7		†	0.8	³	-		-	5.3
China¹⁰	-	-		-		-		-	-		-		-	3.3
India	-	-		-		-		-	-		-		-	-
Indonesia^4,10	#	2.9		2.5		0.4		†	0.3		#		0.3	3.3
Russian Federation¹⁰	0.7	2.1	¹²	-		-		-	1.5		0.2		1.3	4.7
Saudi Arabia	-	-		-		-		-	-		-		-	-
South Africa	-	-		-		-		-	-		-		-	-

— Not available.

† Not applicable.

# Rounds to zero.

¹Refers only to primary education.

²Includes data for all Secondary and Post-secondary non-tertiary education.

³All tertiary education includes data for Tertiary-type B education and Tertiary-type A education & advanced research programs.

⁴Year of reference 2007 instead of 2008.

⁵Primary and lower secondary education includes data for Pre-primary education.

⁶Tertiary-type B education includes data for Post-secondary non-tertiary education.

⁷Year of reference 2009 instead of 2008.

⁸All tertiary education includes data for Post-secondary non-tertiary education, Tertiary-type B education, and Tertiary-type A education & advanced research programs.

⁹All tertiary education includes data for Post-secondary non-tertiary education.

¹⁰Public expenditure only (for Switzerland, in tertiary education only; for Norway, in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education only).

¹¹Upper secondary education includes data for Post-secondary non-tertiary education and Tertiary-type B education.

¹²All primary, secondary, and post-secondary non-tertiary education includes data for Primary and lower secondary education, Upper secondary education and Post-secondary non-tertiary education.

NOTE: Educational institutions are defined as entities that provide instructional services to individuals or education-related services to individuals and other educational institutions. Lower secondary typically refers to middle school, grades 6-8/9. Upper secondary typically refers to high school, grades 9/10-12. Post-secondary non-tertiary typically refers to any programs that serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already completed high school but not entered vocational or higher education (typically lasting between six months and two years). Tertiary education typically refers to vocational training (type B) or higher education (type A), as well as advanced research programs. Apparent differences may not be statistically significant.

SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2011, table B2.2. Paris: Author.