OECD: Cumulative expenditure per student over the average duration of tertiary studies, by type of program and country: 2008

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Table C.4.07.

OECD: Cumulative expenditure per student over the average duration of tertiary studies, by type of program and country: 2008

Country	Method¹	Average duration of tertiary studies (in years)				Cumulative expenditure per student over the average duration of tertiary studies (in USD)
Country	Method¹	Tertiary-type B education	Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs	All tertiary education		Tertiary-type B education	Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs	All tertiary education
OECD average	†	2.23	4.33	3.97		‡	‡	$57,775
OECD countries
Australia	CM	-	3.48	-		-	56,714	-
Austria	AF	1.89	4.80	4.34		23,129	72,370	65,334
Belgium	CM	2.41	3.67	2.99		-	-	44,911	²
Canada	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Chile	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Czech Republic³	CM	-	3.76	-		-	32,843	-
Denmark	AF	2.51	5.97	5.19		-	-	91,448	²
Estonia	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Finland	CM	†	4.78	4.78		†	73,621	73,621
France³	CM	3.00	4.74	4.02		34,382	70,841	56,597
Germany	CM	2.50	5.16	4.48		19,250	88,327	68,913
Greece	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Hungary⁴	AF	1.84	3.74	3.48		9,278	27,877	25,532
Iceland	CM	-	-	4.49	²	-	-	46,828	²
Ireland⁴	CM	2.21	4.02	3.24		-	-	52,760	²
Israel	CM	-	3.03	-		-	40,140	-
Italy	AF	-	4.52	-		-	43,194	-
Japan	CM	2.09	4.57	4.19		19,783	75,554	62,385
Korea	CM	2.07	4.22	3.43		11,887	42,658	31,149
Luxembourg		-	-	-		-	-	-
Mexico	AF	1.72	3.49	3.35		-	-	25,138	²
Netherlands	CM	-	5.02	5.02		-	86,568	86,568
New Zealand	CM	2.22	3.90	3.32		19,113	43,413	34,978
Norway	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Poland⁴	CM	-	3.68	-		-	26,089	-
Portugal	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Slovak Republic	AF	2.47	3.90	3.82		-	25,584	-
Slovenia	AF	2.63	3.64	3.21		-	-	29,718	²
Spain	CM	2.15	5.54	4.66		23,058	77,159	62,287
Sweden	CM	2.20	4.89	4.73		17,302	101,970	94,625
Switzerland⁴	CM	2.19	5.45	3.62		11,237	126,964	78,458
Turkey	CM	2.73	2.37	2.65		-	-	-
United Kingdom³	CM	3.52	5.86	4.34		-	-	66,485	²
United States	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Non-OECD member countries
Argentina	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Brazil	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
China	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
India	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Indonesia	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Russian Federation	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
Saudi Arabia	†	-	-	-		-	-	-
South Africa	†	-	-	-		-	-	-

— Not available.
† Not applicable.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Data are insufficient to report achievement.
¹Either the Chain Method (CM) or an Approximation Formula (AF) was used to estimate the duration of tertiary studies.
²All tertiary education includes data for Tertiary-type B education and Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs.
³Average duration of tertiary studies is estimated based on national data.
⁴Public institutions only.
NOTE: The Chain Method (CM) and an Approximation Formula (AF) both are used to calculate the average duration of tertiary studies. The CM defines the duration of study as the sum of the probabilities, for each year of study, that a student who has entered tertiary education will still be enrolled in that year of study. The AF uses the ratio of flow data (entrants and leavers) to the corresponding numbers of students enrolled. Tertiary education typically refers to vocational training (type B) or higher education (type A), as well as advanced research programs. Apparent differences may not be statistically significant.
SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2011, table B1.3a. Paris: Author.