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| Table C.3.07. | IEA: Schools' reports of the percentage of available computers for instructional purposes in fourth grade as reported by PIRLS, by number of students per computer and country: 2006 |
| Percentage of students by number of fourth-grade students per computer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fewer than 5 students |
5-10 students | 11-20 students | More than 20 students |
Students in schools without any computers |
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| 2006 | Difference in percent from 2001 |
2006 | Difference in percent from 2001 |
2006 | Difference in percent from 2001 |
2006 | Difference in percent from 2001 |
2006 | Difference in percent from 2001 |
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| Countries | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | Percent | s.e | ||||||||||||||||||||
| International average | 53 | 0.6 | † | † | 21 | 0.5 | † | † | 6 | 0.3 | † | † | 4 | 0.3 | † | † | 16 | 0.4 | † | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada, Alberta1 | 100 | # | — | † | # | # | — | † | # | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Denmark1 | 97 | 1.5 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | 1 | # | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada, British Columbia1 | 95 | 2.0 | — | † | 4 | ! | 1.7 | — | † | 1 | # | — | † | # | † | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | |||||||||||||||||||
| Canada, Ontario1 | 95 | 2.4 | 13 | ! | 5.0 | ∆ | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | 1 | 0.1 | ‡ | † | # | † | ‡ | † | # | † | # | † | ||||||||||||||||||
| England1 | 94 | 1.8 | 35 | 5.0 | ∆ | 5 | ! | 1.6 | -19 | 4.1 | ▼ | 2 | ! | 0.9 | -11 | ! | 3.7 | ▼ | # | † | -5 | ! | 2.0 | ▼ | # | † | # | † | ||||||||||||
| Iceland1 | 92 | 0.3 | 15 | 0.4 | ∆ | 5 | 0.2 | -4 | 0.3 | ▼ | 1 | 0.2 | -3 | 0.2 | ▼ | 2 | # | -2 | 0.1 | ▼ | # | † | -5 | 0.2 | ▼ | |||||||||||||||
| Scotland2 | 89 | 3.6 | 46 | 6.2 | ∆ | 6 | ! | 2.7 | -12 | ! | 4.8 | ▼ | 5 | ! | 2.4 | -20 | 5.2 | ▼ | # | † | -14 | 3.1 | ▼ | # | † | # | † | |||||||||||||
| United States | 84 | 3.2 | 20 | 4.9 | ∆ | 11 | 3.1 | -10 | ! | 4.3 | ▼ | 4 | ! | 1.6 | -7 | ! | 3.0 | ▼ | # | † | ‡ | † | 1 | ! | 0.4 | 1 | ! | 0.4 | ||||||||||||
| Hong Kong SAR3 | 82 | 3.6 | 27 | 5.9 | ∆ | 14 | 3.1 | -17 | 5.0 | ▼ | 1 | 1.0 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | # | † | -9 | 2.6 | ▼ | |||||||||||||||||
| Singapore | 81 | # | 14 | ! | 4.6 | ∆ | 16 | # | -9 | ! | 4.1 | ▼ | 3 | # | ‡ | † | # | † | ‡ | † | # | † | # | † | ||||||||||||||||
| Canada, Quebec1 | 80 | 4.5 | 15 | ! | 6.4 | ∆ | 17 | 4.2 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | -10 | ! | 3.6 | ▼ | 1 | 0.1 | # | † | # | † | ‡ | † | ||||||||||||||||
| Norway | 79 | 3.9 | 21 | ! | 6.5 | ∆ | 17 | 3.5 | ‡ | † | # | † | -14 | 3.6 | ▼ | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | 1 | 0.1 | ‡ | † | |||||||||||||||||
| Spain | 79 | 2.9 | — | † | 15 | 2.7 | — | † | 3 | ! | 1.4 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | 3 | ! | 1.3 | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||
| New Zealand1 | 79 | 2.9 | 39 | 5.4 | ∆ | 16 | 2.6 | -23 | 5.1 | ▼ | 5 | 1.4 | -15 | 4.1 | ▼ | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | # | † | # | † | |||||||||||||||||
| Slovak Republic1 | 75 | 3.6 | 72 | 3.8 | ∆ | 23 | 3.6 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | -10 | ! | 3.1 | ▼ | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | # | † | -66 | 4.3 | ▼ | ||||||||||||||||
| Canada, Nova Scotia | 74 | 3.7 | — | † | 21 | 3.2 | — | † | 5 | ! | 2.0 | — | † | # | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kuwait1 | 72 | 4.3 | — | † | 27 | 4.2 | — | † | 1 | # | — | † | # | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| South Africa | 72 | 3.5 | — | † | 18 | 3.0 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | 9 | 1.7 | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Slovenia | 72 | 4.3 | 29 | 5.7 | ∆ | 14 | 3.0 | -25 | 5.1 | ▼ | 7 | ! | 2.4 | ‡ | † | 7 | ! | 2.1 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | -13 | 3.0 | ▼ | |||||||||||||||
| Israel1 | 67 | 4.3 | ‡ | † | 25 | 3.9 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | 4 | ! | 1.9 | ‡ | † | |||||||||||||||||||
| Netherlands1 | 63 | 4.5 | 24 | 6.7 | ∆ | 26 | 4.5 | ‡ | † | 10 | ! | 3.1 | ‡ | † | 1 | # | ‡ | † | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bulgaria1 | 61 | 3.7 | 56 | 4.2 | ∆ | 29 | 3.9 | 18 | 4.9 | ∆ | ‡ | † | -10 | ! | 3.3 | ▼ | 3 | ! | 1.0 | -7 | ! | 3.0 | ▼ | 4 | ! | 1.6 | -58 | 5.0 | ▼ | |||||||||||
| Belgium (Flemish) | 61 | 4.8 | — | † | 26 | 4.4 | — | † | 11 | 3.0 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | # | † | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| France | 59 | 5.0 | 29 | 6.6 | ∆ | 26 | 4.7 | ‡ | † | 6 | ! | 2.3 | ‡ | † | 4 | ! | 1.9 | -10 | ! | 4.1 | ▼ | 5 | ! | 2.1 | -10 | ! | 4.0 | ▼ | ||||||||||||
| Qatar1 | 57 | 0.3 | — | † | 30 | 0.3 | — | † | 3 | 0.1 | — | † | 1 | 0.1 | — | † | 9 | 0.2 | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hungary | 57 | 4.3 | 25 | 5.7 | ∆ | 19 | 3.9 | ‡ | † | 3 | ! | 1.3 | ‡ | † | 4 | ! | 1.6 | ‡ | † | 17 | 3.5 | -23 | 5.3 | ▼ | ||||||||||||||||
| Belgium (French)1 | 48 | 4.6 | — | † | 30 | 4.1 | — | † | 5 | ! | 2.1 | — | † | 6 | ! | 2.2 | — | † | 11 | 3.0 | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sweden | 46 | 4.9 | 15 | ! | 6.5 | ∆ | 39 | 5.1 | ‡ | † | 11 | 3.0 | -18 | ! | 5.5 | ▼ | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ||||||||||||||||
| Lithuania1 | 43 | 4.3 | 19 | ! | 5.9 | ∆ | 27 | 4.0 | ‡ | † | 14 | 2.9 | # | † | 8 | ! | 2.5 | ‡ | † | 9 | 2.3 | -18 | 4.9 | ▼ | ||||||||||||||||
| Italy | 42 | 4.2 | 28 | 4.7 | ∆ | 44 | 4.3 | 13 | ! | 5.5 | ∆ | 9 | 2.6 | -18 | 4.2 | ▼ | 4 | ! | 1.8 | -17 | 3.3 | ▼ | ‡ | † | -7 | 1.7 | ▼ | |||||||||||||
| Latvia1 | 42 | 3.9 | 22 | 4.9 | ∆ | 17 | 3.1 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | 4 | ! | 1.8 | ‡ | † | 34 | 4.3 | -18 | ! | 6.0 | ▼ | ||||||||||||||||
| Romania1 | 41 | 4.8 | 36 | 5.3 | ∆ | 28 | 3.9 | 15 | ! | 5.5 | ∆ | 8 | ! | 3.3 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | -13 | 3.8 | ▼ | 20 | 3.3 | -30 | 5.5 | ▼ | ||||||||||||||
| Russian Federation | 40 | 3.5 | 36 | 4.2 | ∆ | 28 | 2.8 | 24 | 3.2 | ∆ | 4 | ! | 1.5 | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | 26 | 3.4 | -65 | 4.3 | ▼ | ||||||||||||||||
| Germany | 39 | 3.1 | 26 | 4.2 | ∆ | 40 | 3.5 | 17 | 5.0 | ∆ | 14 | 2.8 | ‡ | † | 8 | 1.8 | -21 | 3.9 | ▼ | 1 | ! | 0.4 | -19 | 3.3 | ▼ | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese Taipei | 38 | 3.2 | — | † | 48 | 4.0 | — | † | 9 | 2.1 | — | † | 5 | ! | 1.9 | — | † | # | † | — | † | |||||||||||||||||||
| Poland | 35 | 4.4 | — | † | 24 | 3.4 | — | † | 12 | 2.5 | — | † | 7 | ! | 2.3 | — | † | 22 | 4.0 | — | † | |||||||||||||||||||
| Austria | 30 | 4.2 | — | † | 33 | 4.0 | — | † | 23 | 3.9 | — | † | 14 | 3.2 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 23 | 3.6 | — | † | 38 | 4.3 | — | † | 15 | 3.6 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | 19 | 3.9 | — | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Morocco | 11 | 2.7 | ‡ | † | 20 | 3.6 | ‡ | † | 14 | 3.4 | ‡ | † | 28 | 5.2 | ‡ | † | 27 | 4.2 | ‡ | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Moldova, Rep. of2 | 9 | 2.6 | ‡ | † | 7 | ! | 2.6 | ‡ | † | 2 | ! | 0.8 | ‡ | † | 4 | ! | 1.8 | ‡ | † | 77 | 3.8 | ‡ | † | |||||||||||||||||
| Macedonia, Rep. of2 | 6 | ! | 2.4 | 6 | ! | 2.4 | ∆ | 24 | 4.5 | 22 | 4.7 | ∆ | 9 | ! | 3.0 | 9 | ! | 3.0 | ∆ | 3 | ! | 1.0 | ‡ | † | 58 | 5.1 | -34 | 5.8 | ▼ | |||||||||||
| Indonesia | 4 | ! | 1.6 | — | † | 4 | ! | 1.3 | — | † | 4 | ! | 1.8 | — | † | 5 | ! | 1.8 | — | † | 84 | 2.8 | — | † | ||||||||||||||||
| Georgia | 2 | ! | 0.9 | — | † | 5 | ! | 2.0 | — | † | 4 | ! | 1.7 | — | † | ‡ | † | — | † | 80 | 3.2 | — | † | |||||||||||||||||
| Iran, Islamic Rep. of1 | 1 | ! | 0.3 | 1 | ! | 0.3 | 4 | ! | 1.2 | 4 | ! | 1.2 | ∆ | ‡ | † | ‡ | † | 12 | 2.7 | 10 | 2.9 | ∆ | 81 | 3.1 | -16 | 3.3 | ▼ | |||||||||||||
| Luxembourg4 | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | † | ||||||||||||||||||||
| — Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| † Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| # Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ Reporting standards not met. Either data are insufficient to report achievement or the coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∆ 2006 significantly higher. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▼2006 significantly lower. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Data are available for at least 70 but less than 85 percent of the students. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Data are available for at least 50 but less than 70 percent of the students. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Primary schools in Luxembourg do not have principals. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: The international average does not include the Canadian provinces. The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia underwent structural changes. Data for Canada, Ontario include only public schools. Differences are significant at the p<0.05 level. Standard error is noted by s.e. |
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| SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), 2006. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Kennedy, A.M., and Foy, P. (2007). PIRLS 2006 International Report, exhibit 7.7. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||