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Table C.3.06. IEA: Teachers' reports of the percentage of fourth-grade students reading aloud or silently in class as reported by PIRLS, by method of reading, frequency, and country: 2006

  Teacher reads aloud to whole class   Students read aloud to whole class   Students read aloud
in small groups or pairs		   Students read silently
on their own
  Daily   Weekly   Less than
weekly		   Daily   Weekly   Less than
weekly		   Daily   Weekly   Less than
weekly		   Daily   Weekly   Less than
weekly
Countries Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent     s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent s.e   Percent   s.e   Percent   s.e
International average 58   0.5   31   0.5   11   0.3   56     0.5   32   0.5   12   0.3   14   0.4   40   0.6   47   0.6   59 0.5   32   0.5   9   0.3
                                                                                               
Austria 14   2.5   35   3.4   51   3.8   31     3.5   50   3.6   19   2.8   5   1.4   38   3.4   58   3.4   58 3.4   38   3.4   4 ! 1.5
Belgium (Flemish) 42   3.8   39   3.5   20   3.2   61     4.2   25   3.8   14   2.8   6 ! 1.8   45   3.8   50   3.7   60 4.0   37   4.0   3 ! 0.9
Belgium (French) 53   3.4   29   2.8   18   2.8   62     3.2   28   3.3   10   2.1   5   1.4   17   2.8   78   3.0   63 3.0   32   2.9   4 ! 1.3
Bulgaria 89   2.6   8   2.3   3 ! 1.4   90     1.9   10   1.9   #   †   17   3.0   45   3.9   38   3.9   79 3.3   16   2.8   5 ! 1.8
Canada, Alberta 75   3.1   24   3.1   ‡   †   32     3.9   50   4.2   18   2.8   23   3.4   47   3.9   30   3.6   85 3.2   14   3.1   ‡   †
                                                                                               
Canada, British Columbia 72 1  3.9   24   3.8   4 ! 1.8   32   1  3.5   49   4.2   19   3.6   21   3.2   46   3.7   33 1  3.6   87 2.5   13   2.5   #   †
Canada, Nova Scotia 81   2.7   18   2.6   ‡   †   29     3.4   43   3.4   27   3.5   13   2.5   56   3.8   30   3.5   89 2.1   10   2.1   ‡   †
Canada, Ontario 78   3.9   17   3.5   5 ! 2.2   41     4.5   35   4.5   25   4.2   14   3.5   56   4.2   29   4.5   76 4.5   24   4.5   #   †
Canada, Quebec 50   4.8   40   4.6   9   2.6   40     4.0   45   4.4   16   3.3   4 ! 1.8   34   4.4   61   4.7   75 4.1   23   3.9   ‡   †
Chinese Taipei 25   3.4   40   3.7   35   3.8   33     4.4   44   4.2   23   3.5   12   2.7   26   3.4   63   4.1   23 3.5   52   4.3   25   3.8
                                                                                               
Denmark 22   3.3   53   4.2   25   3.9   18     3.3   48   4.2   35   4.1   14   3.0   47   4.3   39   4.1   38 4.2   49   4.2   13   2.5
England 70   3.9   29   3.9   ‡   †   49     4.5   38   4.3   13   2.9   24   3.7   54   4.0   21   3.6   64 4.2   31   4.2   4 ! 1.8
France 54   3.4   37   3.4   9   1.6   76     2.7   22   2.7   2 ! 0.8   3 ! 1.2   19   2.7   77   2.8   75 2.4   22   2.5   ‡   †
Georgia 83   3.4   16   3.3   ‡   †   87     2.8   11   2.6   ‡   †   32   4.2   35   3.6   33   4.1   44 4.1   37   3.9   20   3.4
Germany 14   2.1   41   3.8   45   3.9   49     3.9   38   3.7   13   2.4   8   1.9   43   3.4   49   3.5   61 3.3   34   3.1   5 ! 1.7
                                                                                               
Hong Kong SAR2 44   4.4   46   4.5   10   2.8   49     4.7   45   4.6   6 ! 2.1   10   2.8   48   4.1   42   4.0   44 4.6   44   4.3   12   2.9
Hungary 32   3.5   56   3.9   13   2.9   62     3.7   33   4.0   5 ! 1.7   8   2.1   36   3.4   56   3.7   64 4.2   32   4.1   4 ! 1.7
Iceland 75   0.3   20   0.3   5   0.2   19     0.3   53   0.4   28   0.4   4   0.1   16   0.3   80   0.3   63 0.3   28   0.3   8   0.2
Indonesia 45   3.8   45   4.1   10   2.1   42     3.7   39   4.4   19   3.3   7   2.0   45   3.9   49   3.5   47 4.2   40   4.6   13   2.7
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 54   3.9   41   3.9   5 ! 1.5   58     3.8   38   3.8   4 ! 1.3   12   2.7   37   3.6   51   3.5   30 3.7   50   3.7   20   2.9
                                                                                               
Israel 72   4.0   25   3.7   4 ! 1.5   71     3.7   28   3.8   1   #   18   3.0   44   4.4   38   4.5   56 4.0   40   4.1   4 ! 1.7
Italy 72   3.3   24   3.0   4 ! 1.6   75     2.8   20   2.6   4 ! 1.7   5 ! 1.6   20   3.1   74   3.4   50 4.0   39   4.0   11   2.4
Kuwait 94   2.0   3 ! 1.3   4 ! 1.5   75     3.5   14   3.0   11   2.7   18   3.2   32   4.2   50   4.4   24 3.5   34   4.0   42   3.9
Latvia 25   3.2   50   3.8   25   3.2   76     3.5   22   3.4   2 ! 0.9   10   2.6   38   3.6   52   3.7   66 3.4   25   3.2   9   2.2
Lithuania 36   3.4   43   3.4   21   2.8   82     2.6   17   2.6   ‡   †   9   1.9   48   3.7   43   3.8   52 3.4   36   3.0   12   2.5
                                                                                               
Luxembourg 13   0.1   46   0.2   40   0.2   34     0.2   48   0.2   18   0.1   2   #   14   0.1   84   0.1   41 0.2   48   0.2   11   0.1
Macedonia, Rep. of 73   3.7   26   3.6   ‡   †   72     3.6   24   3.4   5 ! 1.9   13   2.9   42   4.2   46   4.0   41 4.0   37   4.4   23   3.7
Moldova, Rep. of 76   3.1   18   3.0   6 ! 2.2   82     3.0   13   2.5   4 ! 1.9   39   4.3   51   3.9   10   2.4   83 3.3   10   2.5   7 ! 2.2
Morocco 96   1.7   4 ! 1.7   #   †   96     1.6   ‡   †   ‡   †   5 ! 1.7   12   3.2   83   3.6   75 3.6   21   3.3   4 ! 1.9
Netherlands 62   3.9   33   3.9   5 ! 1.7   33     3.6   53   3.9   13   2.6   10   2.8   43   4.4   46   4.3   64 4.6   35   4.6   ‡   †
                                                                                               
New Zealand 77   2.4   19   2.2   3 ! 1.0   9     1.5   44   2.5   47   2.7   21   2.1   55   3.1   24   2.6   89 1.8   10   1.8   #   †
Norway 76   4.0   22   3.9   ‡   †   24     3.7   52   4.0   24   3.8   15   2.9   45   3.7   40   4.2   67 3.3   29   3.4   ‡   †
Poland 70   3.5   24   3.0   6 ! 2.0   77     3.5   21   3.4   2 ! 0.8   3 ! 1.1   44   3.8   54   3.8   68 3.6   30   3.5   ‡   †
Qatar 82 3  0.2   17   0.2   #   †   54   3  0.3   36   0.3   11   0.1   34   0.3   51   0.3   15 3  0.2   48 0.3   50   0.3   2   #
Romania 72   3.7   24   3.6   4 ! 1.2   93     2.0   4 ! 1.5   ‡   †   17   3.2   42   4.2   41   4.3   75 3.2   19   2.8   6 ! 1.8
                                                                                               
Russian Federation 61   3.7   33   3.5   7   2.0   96     1.5   3 ! 1.2   ‡   †   31   2.9   46   3.5   23   3.2   84 2.9   13   2.5   4 ! 1.3
Scotland 49   4.8   48   4.8   ‡   †   21     4.1   46   4.8   33   4.3   26   4.0   55   4.6   19   3.7   65 3.6   32   3.8   ‡   †
Singapore 65   2.7   31   2.8   4   1.1   39     2.5   52   2.6   9   1.8   11   1.7   53   2.9   36   2.7   59 2.7   34   2.7   7   1.6
Slovak Republic 41   3.6   42   3.3   17   2.7   78     2.9   16   2.2   5 ! 2.0   ‡   †   27   3.5   72   3.5   42 3.3   42   3.2   16   2.4
Slovenia 49   3.2   45   3.3   6   1.4   57     3.2   36   3.2   8   1.6   9   1.7   40   3.3   51   3.5   66 3.5   30   3.3   4 ! 1.2
                                                                                               
South Africa 54   3.4   40   3.2   7   1.6   41     3.5   48   3.6   12   1.9   22   2.6   52   3.4   26   2.8   21 2.5   43   3.2   36   2.8
Spain 76   3.0   22   2.8   ‡   †   82     2.9   16   2.8   ‡   †   4 ! 1.3   21   3.6   75   3.7   57 4.1   31   3.7   12   2.7
Sweden 55   3.5   40   3.2   5 ! 1.6   4 !   1.6   59   3.7   37   3.8   3 ! 1.3   46   3.6   50   3.9   83 2.6   16   2.6   2 ! 0.9
Trinidad and Tobago 84   3.1   15   3.0   1   #   68     3.6   31   3.5   ‡   †   25   3.5   64   3.8   11   2.4   79 3.0   19   3.0   2 ! 0.9
United States 76   2.9   21   3.0   3 ! 1.2   38     4.1   46   3.9   16   2.7   22   2.5   56   3.7   22   3.1   79 3.3   18   3.3   3 ! 1.2
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either data are insufficient to report achievement or the coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5.
1 Data are available for at least 70 but less than 85 percent of the students.
2 Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
3 Data are available for at least 50 but less than 70 percent of the students.
NOTE: The international average does not include the Canadian provinces. Standard error is noted by s.e.
SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), 2006. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Kennedy, A.M., and Foy, P. (2007). PIRLS 2006 International Report, exhibit 6.12. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.
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