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Table C.1.11a. IEA: Percentage distribution and average mathematics achievement of fourth-grade students as reported in TIMSS, by the Index of mathematics teachers' perception of safety in school (TPSS) and country: 2007
Country, ordered by high TPSS High TPSS   Medium TPSS   Low TPSS
2007
percent
of students		   Average
achievement		   Difference
in percent
from 2003		   2007
percent
of students		   Average
achievement		   Difference
in percent
from 2003		   2007
percent
of students		   Average
achievement		   Difference
in percent
from 2003
Percent s.e.   Score s.e.   Percent   s.e.     Percent   s.e.   Score s.e.   Percent   s.e.     Percent   s.e.   Score s.e.   Percent   s.e.  
International Avg. 80 1   476 0.7   —   †     15   0.5   461 1.8   —   †     5   0.3   410 4.5   —   †  
                                                                     
Czech Republic 97 1   487 2.8   —   †     3 ! 1.2   468 12.5   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Singapore 96 1.0   600 3.7   9 ! 3.0 ∆   3 ! 1.0   619 22.7   -9 ! 2.9 ▼   #   †   ‡ †   #   †  
Austria 95 1   506 2.1   —   †     4   1.1   495 9.9   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Norway 95 2   473 2.7   ‡   †     4 ! 1.4   481 13.1   ‡   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
Slovak Republic 92 2.0   496 4.9   —   †     8   2.0   497 8.7   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
                                                                     
Kuwait1 91 3   315 4.4   —   †     9   2.6   304 11.9   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Germany 91 2   528 2.3   —   †     8   1.7   483 12.1   —   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Lithuania 91 2   530 2.6   10 ! 3.8 ∆   7   1.8   530 6.3   -10 ! 3.3 ▼   ‡   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Georgia 89 2   441 4.7   —   †     8   1.8   438 11.2   —   †     4 ! 1.5   428 18.8   —   †  
Hong Kong SAR 88 3   608 4.0   ‡   †     12   3.2   605 9.1   ‡   †     #   †   ‡ †   -4 ! 1.7 ▼
                                                                     
Kazakhstan 88 3   553 6.3   —   †     12   3.2   525 30.3   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Scotland1 87 3   498 2.7   10 ! 4.1 ∆   13   2.6   470 8.3   -9 ! 4.1 ▼   #   †   ‡ †   -1   #  
Qatar 87 0   297 1.1   —   †     11   0.1   296 4.3   —   †     2   #   ‡ †   —   †  
Hungary 86 3   516 3.8   ‡   †     12   2.4   472 10.1   ‡   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
New Zealand 86 2   499 2.6   ‡   †     14   1.8   451 7.0   ‡   †     #   †   ‡ †   #   †  
                                                                     
Netherlands 86 2.9   540 2.4   ‡   †     10   2.1   493 8.2   ‡   †     5 ! 1.8   528 18.8   ‡   †  
Australia 86 2.4   521 4.3   ‡   †     14   2.3   483 10.2   ‡   †     1 ! 0.4   ‡ †   ‡   †  
England1 86 2.4   547 3.2   15 ! 4.7 ∆   14   2.4   509 5.6   -14 ! 4.7 ▼   #   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
Ukraine 84 3.0   470 3.6   —   †     14   2.8   460 7.1   —   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Slovenia 84 2.0   502 2.0   11 ! 4.6 ∆   14   1.9   502 4.0   -9 ! 4.4 ▼   2 ! 0.8   ‡ †   ‡   †  
                                                                     
Italy 83 2.4   510 3.0   18   4.2 ∆   15   2.0   500 10.7   -9 ! 3.6 ▼   ‡   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
Denmark 83 3.4   528 2.2   —   †     16   3.2   501 6.3   —   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Sweden 82 3.0   507 2.6   —   †     16   3.1   486 5.7   —   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Russian Federation 82 3.2   544 5.6   ‡   †     18   3.2   551 8.0   ‡   †     #   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 81 3.1   405 4.4   #   †     14   2.6   394 10.0   ‡   †     5 ! 1.8   391 17.7   ‡   †  
                                                                     
United States 80 2   538 2.7   ‡   †     19   2.2   493 5.8   ‡   †     1 ! 0.3   ‡ †   ‡   †  
Yemen 77 4   221 7.2   —   †     17   3.6   218 9.4   —   †     5 ! 2.1   252 31.3   —   †  
Latvia 70 4   536 2.8   ‡   †     28   3.8   539 4.5   ‡   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
Algeria 68 5   380 5.5   —   †     24   4.3   368 16.7   —   †     8 ! 2.5   371 16.5   —   †  
Japan 66 4   569 2.5   11 ! 5.3 ∆   30   3.3   565 4.1   ‡   †     4 ! 1.6   566 5.2   ‡   †  
                                                                     
Chinese Taipei 65 4   580 2.2   ‡   †     27   4.0   570 3.8   ‡   †     7 ! 2.3   565 6.1   ‡   †  
Tunisia1 64 4.0   326 6.7   -15 ! 5.5 ▼   16   3.0   349 9.7   ‡   †     20   3.1   312 9.0   10 ! 4.2 ∆
El Salvador 63 3.8   333 6.3   —   †     20   3.3   322 9.1   —   †     17   3.5   325 9.8   —   †  
Colombia 56 6   367 8.6   —   †     24   3.9   342 8.4   —   †     20   4.8   348 10.5   —   †  
Morocco2 44 3   361 8.5   ‡   †     33   3.6   325 8.4   ‡   †     23   3.1   323 13.6   ‡   †  
                                                                     
Armenia1 38 4.0   502 7.6   -41   5.1 ▼   23   3.4   485 7.3   ‡   †     39   3.5   507 6.6   36   3.7 ∆
Benchmarking Participants
Dubai, UAE2 100 #   445 3.7   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Alberta, Canada 92 2.0   506 3.1   —   †     7   2.0   489 5.7   —   †     1 ! 0.3   ‡ †   —   †  
Massachusetts, US 90 4   578 3.8   —   †     9 ! 3.9   533 5.1   —   †     1   #   ‡ †   —   †  
Quebec, Canada 89 3   524 3.2   ‡   †     9   2.3   485 6.8   ‡   †     ‡   †   ‡ †   ‡   †  
British Columbia, Canada 88 3   508 2.7   —   †     12   2.9   487 8.6   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
                                                                     
Minnesota, US 87 5   559 6.3   —   †     13 ! 4.6   531 14.8   —   †     #   †   ‡ †   —   †  
Ontario, Canada 86 3   516 3.0   ‡   †     14   3.4   485 10.7   ‡   †     #   †   ‡ †   #   †  
— Not available.
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either data are insufficient to report achievement or the coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5.
∆ 2007 percent significantly higher at the p<0.05 level.
▼ 2007 percent significantly lower at the p<0.05 level.
1 Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of students.
2 Data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 70 percent of students.
NOTE: Index of mathematics teachers' perception of safety in school (TPSS) based on teachers' responses to three statements about their schools: this school is located in a safe neighborhood; I feel safe at this school; and this school's security policies and practices are sufficient. High level indicates that the teacher agrees a lot or agrees to all three statements. Low level indicates that teacher disagrees or disagrees a lot to all three statements. Medium level includes all other combinations of responses. Standard error is noted by s.e. Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.
SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., and Foy, P. (2008). TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report: Findings from IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study at the Fourth and Eighth Grades, exhibit 8.13. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.
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