IEA: Percentage distribution and average science achievement of fourth-grade students as reported in PIRLS, by the Index of principals' perception of school safety (PPSS) and countries: 2006

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Table C.1.09.

IEA: Percentage distribution and average science achievement of fourth-grade students as reported in PIRLS, by the Index of principals' perception of school safety (PPSS) and countries: 2006

Countries, ordered by high PPSS	High PPSS								Medium PPSS								Low PPSS
	2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001				2006 percent of students			Average achievement		Difference in percent from 2001
	Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent		s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent	s.e.
International Avg.	60	0.6	503	0.8	—		†		32	0.6	495	1.1	—		†		7		0.3	442	3	—	†
England	90	1.9	547	3.0	—		†		9	2.1	496	5.6	—		†		1		#	‡	†	—	†
Hong Kong SAR	88	2.9	564	2.4	‡		†		11	2.8	572	7.4	#		†		1		#	‡	†	1	#
Iran, Islamic Rep. of	88	2.2	422	3.7	13	!	4.5	∆	11	2.2	417	12.4	‡		†		‡		†	‡	†	‡	†
Chinese Taipei	85	3.0	535	2.3	—		†		14	2.9	536	4.3	—		†		1		#	‡	†	—	†
Scotland¹	85	4.1	531	3.7	‡		†		15	4.1	517	10.7	‡		†		#		†	‡	†	#	†

Belgium (Flemish)	84	3.4	547	2.1	—		†		16	3.4	545	6.2	—		†		#		†	‡	†	—	†
Russian Federation	83	2.5	564	3.7	-9	!	3.2	▼	17	2.5	570	8.0	10	!	3.1	∆	#		†	‡	†	‡	†
Spain	79	3.2	517	2.6	—		†		17	2.9	500	7.0	—		†		5	!	1.7	492	21.3	—	†
Canada, British Columbia	79	3.5	563	2.7	—		†		21	3.4	542	6.0	—		†		‡		†	‡	†	—	†
Moldova, Rep. of	77	3.8	500	3.3	‡		†		15	3.0	501	8.5	‡		†		8	!	2.5	500	14.8	‡	†

Singapore	77	#	558	3.0	-7	!	3.3	▼	23	#	559	7.4	7	!	3.3	∆	#		†	‡	†	#	†
New Zealand	77	2.8	541	2.4	12	!	4.8	∆	23	2.9	507	7.1	-11	!	4.8	▼	‡		†	‡	†	—	†
United States	77	3.7	545	3.7	‡		†		22	3.3	525	5.7	‡		†		1		#	‡	†	1	#
Italy	76	3.6	553	3.1	13	!	5.3	∆	14	3.0	556	10.1	-11	!	4.6	▼	11		2.2	535	10.6	‡	†
Canada, Nova Scotia	75	3.4	544	2.6	—		†		25	3.4	536	4.4	—		†		#		†	‡	†	—	†

Georgia	73	3.9	469	3.9	—		†		20	3.4	481	7.5	—		†		7		1.9	472	10.4	—	†
Canada, Alberta	72	4.0	563	2.7	—		†		28	4.0	554	5.1	—		†		#		†	‡	†	—	†
France	72	3.5	529	2.5	‡		†		27	3.5	505	5.2	‡		†		‡		†	‡	†	—	†
Denmark	71	3.8	549	2.8	—		†		29	3.8	543	4.2	—		†		1		#	‡	†	—	†
Canada, Quebec	69	4.5	538	3.4	‡		†		29	4.4	521	4.6	-14	!	6.9	▼	‡		†	‡	†	—	†

Canada, Ontario	68	5.3	555	3.6	‡		†		31	5.3	553	3.6	‡		†		1		#	‡	†	‡	†
Austria	67	3.7	541	2.8	—		†		31	3.7	533	4.4	—		†		‡		†	‡	†	—	†
Macedonia, Rep. of¹	66	4.3	448	6.8	#		†		28	4.0	449	11.7	‡		†		6	!	2.3	420	14.6	‡	†
Belgium (French)	65	4.7	507	3.5	—		†		30	4.5	491	5.5	—		†		5	!	1.9	465	7.4	—	†
Sweden	64	3.8	550	2.6	‡		†		35	3.9	547	3.9	‡		†		‡		†	‡	†	—	†

Iceland¹	62	0.3	514	1.6	9		0.5	∆	38	0.3	509	2.2	-9		0.5	▼	#		†	‡	†	-1	#
Norway	61	4.8	498	3.2	‡		†		39	4.8	498	4.2	#		†		#		†	‡	†	‡	†
Lithuania	57	4.1	536	2.3	‡		†		43	4.0	538	3.1	‡		†		1		#	‡	†	#	†
Bulgaria	55	4.4	553	5.9	‡		†		40	4.4	537	6.9	‡		†		5	!	1.7	556	17.5	‡	†
Romania	51	4.3	486	7.5	-36		5.1	▼	36	4.2	489	7.4	24		4.9	∆	14		3.0	505	12.9	12	3.1	∆

Germany	50	3.0	557	2.7	11	!	4.8	∆	49	3.2	542	3.2	-10	!	4.8	▼	‡		†	‡	†	‡	†
Slovenia	47	3.8	521	2.8	‡		†		51	3.9	522	3.5	‡		†		‡		†	‡	†	‡	†
Latvia	47	3.8	548	3.6	-20		5.7	▼	48	3.9	534	3.9	19	!	5.8	∆	5	!	1.9	538	9.4	‡	†
Israel	47	4.3	519	7.2	‡		†		50	4.2	514	4.8	‡		†		‡		†	406	16.4	‡	†
Qatar¹	43	0.2	356	1.9	—		†		24	0.2	346	2.3	—		†		32		0.2	352	2.4	—	†

Trinidad and Tobago	43	4.0	452	7.5	—		†		56	4.0	427	7.7	—		†		‡		†	‡	†	—	†
Poland	40	4.4	517	4.1	—		†		59	4.3	521	3.0	—		†		‡		†	‡	†	—	†
Slovak Republic	37	3.9	531	6.0	‡		†		57	4.1	530	3.3	‡		†		6	!	2.1	534	6.6	‡	†
South Africa	36	2.8	326	12.4	—		†		51	2.9	296	7.0	—		†		13		1.7	263	10.1	—	†
Netherlands¹	33	4.3	547	2.9	‡		†		65	4.4	547	2.3	‡		†		1		0.1	‡	†	#	†

Hungary	33	4.0	554	5.9	‡		†		66	4.1	550	3.8	‡		†		1		#	‡	†	‡	†
Kuwait	32	3.7	341	8.6	—		†		42	4.4	332	6.7	—		†		26		3.4	304	8.6	—	†
Indonesia	28	3.5	412	7.0	—		†		27	3.6	405	8.2	—		†		46		4.0	402	6.5	—	†
Morocco¹	12	3.4	340	13.8	-18	!	6.0	▼	15	3.6	326	17.4	-13	!	6.3	▼	73		4.5	324	9.3	31	7.0	∆
Luxembourg²	—	†	—	†	—		†		—	†	—	†	—		†		—		†	—	†	—	†
— Not available.
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either data are insufficient to report achievement or the coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5.
∆ 2006 percent significantly higher at the p<0.05 level.
▼ 2006 percent significantly lower at the p<0.05 level.
¹Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of students.
²Primary schools in Luxembourg do not have principals.
NOTE: Index of principals' perception of school safety (PPSS) based on principals’ responses about the degree each was a school problem: classroom disturbances, cheating, profanity, vandalism, theft, intimidation or verbal abuse of other students, and physical conflicts among students. Average is computed on a 4-point scale; Serious problem = 1, Moderate problem = 2, Minor problem = 3, Not a problem = 4. High level indicates an average of greater than 3 through 4. Medium level indicates an average of 2 through 3. Low level indicates an average of 1 to less than 2. The international average does not include the Canadian provinces. The primary education systems of the Russian Federation and Slovenia underwent structural changes. (In 2001, the Russian Federation sample contained both third- and fourth-grade students; in 2006, however, all students were in fourth grade. Slovenia is in transition towards having all children begin school at an earlier age so that instead of having three years of primary schooling, as was the case in 2001, they all will have four years. This transition was not complete in 2006, however.) Standard error is noted by s.e. Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.
SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), 2006. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Kennedy, A.M., and Foy, P. (2007). PIRLS 2006 International Report, exhibit 7.16. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

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National Center for Education Statistics - http://nces.ed.gov
U.S. Department of Education

U.S. Department of Education
Institute of Education Sciences
National Center for Education Statistics