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| Table B.4.11. | OECD: Percentage distribution of men ages 25-64, by level of earnings, country, and educational attainment: 2009 |
| Country | Year | Educational attainment | Level of earnings | Percentage of the population with no earnings from work |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or below half of the median |
More than half the median but at or below the median |
More than the median but at or below 1.5 times the median |
More than 1.5 times the median but at or below 2.0 times the median |
More than twice the median |
All categories |
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| OECD average | † | Below upper secondary | 16.6 | 44.0 | 27.6 | 7.3 | 4.6 | 100.0 | 30.2 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 9.3 | 32.3 | 34.2 | 13.4 | 10.8 | 100.0 | 17.3 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 7.6 | 19.5 | 32.3 | 19.8 | 20.8 | 100.0 | 12.9 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 6.6 | 11.8 | 23.4 | 20.4 | 37.8 | 100.0 | 10.3 | ||
| All levels of education | 9.7 | 29.2 | 30.5 | 14.3 | 16.2 | 100.0 | 18.3 | ||
| OECD countries | |||||||||
| Australia | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 8.3 | 49.3 | 26.3 | 11.2 | 4.9 | 100.0 | 41.3 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 6.4 | 36.1 | 34.2 | 14.1 | 9.3 | 100.0 | 30.7 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 7.0 | 23.7 | 29.2 | 24.1 | 15.9 | 100.0 | 27.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 4.6 | 15.6 | 26.2 | 25.1 | 28.5 | 100.0 | 19.0 | ||
| All levels of education | 6.3 | 32.0 | 29.7 | 17.7 | 14.4 | 100.0 | 30.3 | ||
| Austria | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 24.9 | 37.0 | 27.3 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 100.0 | 29.2 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 11.0 | 23.0 | 36.8 | 15.5 | 13.7 | 100.0 | 15.0 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 8.8 | 10.2 | 27.2 | 27.1 | 26.7 | 100.0 | 14.8 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 10.5 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 49.5 | 100.0 | 8.5 | ||
| All levels of education | 12.2 | 21.7 | 32.3 | 15.6 | 18.1 | 100.0 | 16.0 | ||
| Belgium1 | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 2.9 | 56.2 | 39.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 100.0 | 41.3 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 1.3 | 45.0 | 48.7 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 19.5 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 0.7 | 20.7 | 61.8 | 14.7 | 2.1 | 100.0 | 12.7 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 0.5 | 9.3 | 47.2 | 29.6 | 13.4 | 100.0 | 8.5 | ||
| All levels of education | 1.4 | 36.7 | 48.2 | 10.4 | 3.3 | 100.0 | 12.0 | ||
| Canada | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 28.4 | 30.2 | 22.5 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 100.0 | 25.0 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 19.6 | 25.0 | 23.6 | 15.6 | 16.2 | 100.0 | 11.9 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 15.6 | 21.3 | 24.6 | 17.3 | 21.2 | 100.0 | 9.7 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 15.4 | 11.6 | 16.2 | 17.9 | 38.9 | 100.0 | 8.2 | ||
| All levels of education | 18.4 | 21.7 | 22.0 | 15.8 | 22.1 | 100.0 | 12.3 | ||
| Chile | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Czech Republic | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 13.3 | 59.3 | 24.2 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 3.2 | 44.0 | 38.2 | 9.8 | 4.9 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 0.5 | 22.1 | 43.7 | 18.8 | 14.8 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 0.5 | 8.0 | 29.0 | 24.6 | 37.9 | 100.0 | — | ||
| All levels of education | 3.3 | 37.9 | 35.7 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Denmark | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 22.9 | 36.5 | 32.1 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 100.0 | 25.6 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 13.6 | 28.9 | 41.5 | 10.1 | 5.9 | 100.0 | 11.2 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 9.4 | 16.0 | 47.4 | 18.5 | 8.6 | 100.0 | 7.7 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 10.4 | 10.9 | 36.3 | 22.1 | 20.2 | 100.0 | 6.0 | ||
| All levels of education | 15.0 | 25.6 | 38.4 | 12.4 | 8.7 | 100.0 | 13.8 | ||
| Estonia | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 13.6 | 38.6 | 26.7 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 100.0 | 60.5 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 7.1 | 34.0 | 33.4 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 100.0 | 46.8 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| All levels of education | 6.9 | 29.1 | 31.3 | 13.3 | 19.4 | 100.0 | 48.5 | ||
| Finland | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 23.0 | 31.8 | 31.8 | 9.1 | 4.3 | 100.0 | 34.5 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 15.8 | 28.9 | 38.6 | 11.9 | 4.8 | 100.0 | 17.0 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 9.9 | 16.8 | 34.5 | 22.7 | 16.1 | 100.0 | 13.6 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 7.3 | 11.2 | 25.4 | 25.1 | 31.0 | 100.0 | 8.2 | ||
| All levels of education | 14.6 | 24.1 | 33.9 | 15.5 | 11.8 | 100.0 | 19.1 | ||
| France | 2007 | Below upper secondary | 9.0 | 48.3 | 30.7 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 100.0 | 34.4 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 5.2 | 39.6 | 35.5 | 12.2 | 7.5 | 100.0 | 19.4 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 4.1 | 21.7 | 35.4 | 20.8 | 18.1 | 100.0 | 12.0 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 4.8 | 12.7 | 23.4 | 19.9 | 39.2 | 100.0 | 13.6 | ||
| All levels of education | 6.0 | 35.1 | 32.2 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 100.0 | 22.2 | ||
| Germany | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 10.4 | 27.6 | 47.3 | 12.5 | 2.2 | 100.0 | 32.5 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 12.2 | 28.3 | 39.3 | 12.4 | 7.8 | 100.0 | 21.0 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 9.5 | 16.0 | 38.2 | 20.0 | 16.4 | 100.0 | 13.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 5.3 | 12.4 | 22.0 | 19.3 | 40.9 | 100.0 | 9.7 | ||
| All levels of education | 10.1 | 23.1 | 35.3 | 15.1 | 16.3 | 100.0 | 19.7 | ||
| Greece | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 20.2 | 42.1 | 24.5 | 8.2 | 5.0 | 100.0 | 20.7 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 11.4 | 29.3 | 36.2 | 14.6 | 8.5 | 100.0 | 13.6 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 10.3 | 13.9 | 22.2 | 25.3 | 28.4 | 100.0 | 13.4 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 11.9 | 0.0 | 16.7 | 21.2 | 50.1 | 100.0 | 7.2 | ||
| All levels of education | 13.9 | 29.0 | 28.6 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 100.0 | 15.9 | ||
| Hungary | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 11.5 | 64.0 | 17.2 | 4.9 | 2.3 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 3.5 | 52.1 | 24.0 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 4.1 | 43.9 | 20.5 | 10.1 | 21.4 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 0.7 | 10.8 | 17.4 | 16.6 | 54.5 | 100.0 | — | ||
| All levels of education | 4.1 | 44.8 | 21.5 | 10.9 | 18.7 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Iceland | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ireland | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 26.6 | 27.1 | 25.5 | 12.3 | 8.5 | 100.0 | 36.2 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 17.5 | 30.7 | 23.8 | 12.2 | 15.8 | 100.0 | 16.4 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 12.5 | 15.9 | 20.1 | 15.2 | 36.2 | 100.0 | 10.3 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 9.5 | 9.6 | 14.2 | 16.9 | 49.8 | 100.0 | 5.3 | ||
| All levels of education | 17.9 | 24.4 | 21.4 | 13.4 | 23.0 | 100.0 | 21.1 | ||
| Israel | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 16.2 | 55.6 | 18.1 | 4.1 | 6.1 | 100.0 | 42.3 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 9.1 | 41.6 | 25.5 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 100.0 | 22.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 8.1 | 28.1 | 25.9 | 14.4 | 23.5 | 100.0 | 28.9 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 8.8 | 17.1 | 17.9 | 13.5 | 42.7 | 100.0 | 15.0 | ||
| All levels of education | 9.4 | 31.3 | 22.2 | 12.4 | 24.7 | 100.0 | 23.2 | ||
| Italy | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 10.7 | 46.0 | 26.1 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 100.0 | 24.8 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 6.1 | 30.8 | 33.0 | 10.7 | 19.4 | 100.0 | 14.9 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 7.3 | 10.9 | 25.7 | 16.0 | 40.1 | 100.0 | 17.6 | ||
| All levels of education | 8.2 | 34.7 | 29.1 | 10.4 | 17.6 | 100.0 | 19.8 | ||
| Japan | 2007 | Below upper secondary | 18.2 | 37.3 | 25.9 | 11.0 | 7.7 | 100.0 | 20.7 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 8.5 | 26.6 | 27.5 | 17.6 | 19.8 | 100.0 | 9.8 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 5.8 | 20.4 | 25.4 | 19.9 | 28.5 | 100.0 | 6.6 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 4.0 | 13.0 | 21.6 | 20.0 | 41.4 | 100.0 | 5.8 | ||
| All levels of education | 7.7 | 22.9 | 25.7 | 17.9 | 25.9 | 100.0 | 9.2 | ||
| Korea1 | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 18.0 | 43.4 | 27.2 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 100.0 | 22.2 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 4.5 | 34.4 | 31.2 | 16.1 | 13.9 | 100.0 | 18.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 4.2 | 24.8 | 41.0 | 17.1 | 12.8 | 100.0 | 13.4 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 4.2 | 16.6 | 24.8 | 22.6 | 31.9 | 100.0 | 19.3 | ||
| All levels of education | 6.6 | 28.2 | 29.5 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 100.0 | 18.7 | ||
| Luxembourg | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 14.5 | 56.7 | 15.2 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 100.0 | 20.4 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 5.6 | 29.6 | 30.3 | 21.9 | 12.5 | 100.0 | 13.4 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 5.5 | 8.4 | 19.3 | 22.2 | 44.6 | 100.0 | 8.0 | ||
| All levels of education | 8.2 | 31.4 | 22.4 | 17.6 | 20.4 | 100.0 | 14.8 | ||
| Mexico | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Netherlands | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 15.0 | 33.2 | 39.6 | 8.6 | 3.6 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 12.2 | 21.4 | 38.5 | 17.6 | 10.3 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 7.9 | 8.6 | 24.6 | 25.9 | 32.9 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 7.4 | 10.0 | 20.9 | 24.1 | 37.6 | 100.0 | — | ||
| All levels of education | 11.3 | 20.4 | 33.0 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 100.0 | — | ||
| New Zealand | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 12.9 | 41.4 | 30.6 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 100.0 | 22.6 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 10.2 | 26.3 | 35.3 | 15.9 | 12.2 | 100.0 | 12.2 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 9.3 | 25.8 | 33.7 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 100.0 | 11.2 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 8.9 | 16.7 | 26.2 | 19.0 | 29.2 | 100.0 | 9.3 | ||
| All levels of education | 10.5 | 28.0 | 31.7 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 100.0 | 14.5 | ||
| Norway | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 21.2 | 32.2 | 34.2 | 8.4 | 3.9 | 100.0 | 19.4 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 10.4 | 22.6 | 43.0 | 15.2 | 8.8 | 100.0 | 7.7 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 5.2 | 8.7 | 31.2 | 28.0 | 26.9 | 100.0 | 4.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 8.9 | 12.9 | 36.2 | 19.4 | 22.5 | 100.0 | 4.4 | ||
| All levels of education | 12.5 | 22.4 | 38.2 | 15.0 | 12.0 | 100.0 | 9.5 | ||
| Poland | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 16.6 | 45.5 | 26.2 | 8.1 | 3.5 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 12.4 | 39.2 | 30.2 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 2.3 | 19.7 | 26.1 | 18.2 | 33.7 | 100.0 | — | ||
| All levels of education | 10.0 | 34.5 | 28.8 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Portugal | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 4.8 | 41.4 | 32.6 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 3.5 | 23.0 | 27.6 | 15.4 | 30.6 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 4.9 | 10.1 | 14.1 | 13.4 | 57.6 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 4.0 | 8.3 | 12.2 | 14.0 | 61.5 | 100.0 | — | ||
| All levels of education | 4.5 | 33.7 | 28.9 | 12.3 | 20.6 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Slovak Republic | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 25.9 | 41.9 | 25.3 | 5.5 | 1.4 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 14.3 | 26.7 | 34.3 | 15.7 | 9.0 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 8.6 | 12.6 | 25.7 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 8.2 | 10.7 | 18.1 | 19.2 | 43.8 | 100.0 | — | ||
| All levels of education | 14.9 | 24.0 | 29.2 | 15.5 | 16.4 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Slovenia2 | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 6.4 | 74.8 | 16.6 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 100.0 | — |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 2.4 | 51.4 | 31.8 | 9.7 | 4.6 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| All levels of education | 2.7 | 46.5 | 27.3 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 100.0 | — | ||
| Spain | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 18.7 | 36.5 | 29.9 | 10.3 | 4.6 | 100.0 | 23.9 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 12.3 | 25.1 | 34.1 | 16.1 | 12.3 | 100.0 | 13.6 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 9.3 | 28.7 | 34.5 | 16.0 | 11.7 | 100.0 | 12.5 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 7.4 | 13.8 | 18.1 | 20.8 | 40.0 | 100.0 | 9.4 | ||
| All levels of education | 13.7 | 28.0 | 28.8 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 100.0 | 17.5 | ||
| Sweden | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 19.3 | 34.7 | 37.6 | 6.3 | 2.2 | 100.0 | 7.1 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 10.6 | 28.2 | 42.9 | 11.8 | 6.4 | 100.0 | 4.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 13.7 | 20.6 | 39.7 | 17.0 | 9.0 | 100.0 | 5.8 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 9.6 | 13.8 | 32.1 | 20.1 | 24.4 | 100.0 | 5.6 | ||
| All levels of education | 12.5 | 25.9 | 39.4 | 12.8 | 9.4 | 100.0 | 5.8 | ||
| Switzerland | 2008 | Below upper secondary | 8.0 | 56.7 | 31.0 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 100.0 | 31.8 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 5.8 | 30.9 | 46.5 | 11.2 | 5.6 | 100.0 | 21.5 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 3.5 | 13.2 | 45.8 | 25.1 | 12.5 | 100.0 | 15.8 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 4.4 | 11.5 | 26.7 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 100.0 | 16.2 | ||
| All levels of education | 5.2 | 24.8 | 39.3 | 17.6 | 13.0 | 100.0 | 20.2 | ||
| Turkey1 | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| United Kingdom | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 18.1 | 52.3 | 22.9 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 100.0 | 50.6 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 5.8 | 33.9 | 35.5 | 14.5 | 10.3 | 100.0 | 19.6 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 4.1 | 17.5 | 34.2 | 23.2 | 21.1 | 100.0 | 13.3 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 3.9 | 11.8 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 40.0 | 100.0 | 11.5 | ||
| All levels of education | 6.5 | 28.3 | 30.1 | 16.2 | 18.9 | 100.0 | 21.1 | ||
| United States | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 39.2 | 41.0 | 12.4 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 100.0 | 28.5 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 18.9 | 32.7 | 24.1 | 13.1 | 11.2 | 100.0 | 18.1 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | 13.9 | 25.2 | 26.7 | 18.1 | 16.0 | 100.0 | 11.8 | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 8.5 | 14.5 | 19.2 | 16.4 | 41.4 | 100.0 | 9.2 | ||
| All levels of education | 16.8 | 26.3 | 21.2 | 13.7 | 22.0 | 100.0 | 16.0 | ||
| Non-OECD member countries | |||||||||
| Argentina | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Brazil | 2009 | Below upper secondary | 18.9 | 36.0 | 21.1 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 100.0 | 15.9 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 3.4 | 19.6 | 21.1 | 18.8 | 37.0 | 100.0 | 11.5 | ||
| Tertiary-type B education | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs | 0.8 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 79.6 | 100.0 | 8.9 | ||
| All levels of education | 12.5 | 27.9 | 19.6 | 13.7 | 26.4 | 100.0 | 13.9 | ||
| China | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| India | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Indonesia | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russian Federation | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Saudi Arabia | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| South Africa | † | † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| — Not available. | |||||||||
| † Not applicable. | |||||||||
| 1 Report earnings net of income tax. | |||||||||
| 2 Slovenia reports earnings excluding data for individuals in part-time and/or part-year earnings. | |||||||||
| NOTE: Tertiary programs refer to post-secondary education and include both higher and vocational education/training. Tertiary-type B programs refer to vocational programs. Tertiary-type A programs refer to academic higher education. If there was no data in 2009, the latest available year was used. Apparent differences may not be statistically significant. | |||||||||
| SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2011, table A8.4b. Paris: Author. |
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