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Table B.4.07. Relative earnings of the population with income from employment (when combined upper secondary education and post-secondary non-tertiary education = 100), by educational attainment, age group, country, and sex: 2008 or latest available year

      Below upper secondary education   Post-secondary non-tertiary education   Tertiary-type B education   Tertiary-type A and advanced research programmes   All tertiary education
Country Year Sex 25-64 25-34 55-64   25-64 25-34 55-64   25-64 25-34 55-64   25-64 25-34 55-64   25-64 25-34 55-64
OECD average   Males 79 82 75   105 101 108   124 120 124   169 144 183   158 139 170
    Females 76 74 70   104 102 109   126 122 125   165 152 174   154 145 161
    Both 78 82 72   105 101 109   122 117 126   164 143 180   153 137 166
                                           
OECD countries                                          
Australia 2005 Males 86 90 81   105 107 104   115 116 113   143 127 143   136 124 133
    Females 86 82 85   104 99 105   120 115 123   156 149 154   146 142 143
    Both 81 88 74   96 98 94   110 112 106   139 131 134   131 126 124
Austria 2008 Males 71 66 72   138 117 165   125 115 130   181 141 243   159 134 194
    Females 74 66 63   123 125 150   139 105 156   172 159 206   159 141 186
    Both 68 66 65   126 115 153   131 106 138   179 146 236   160 133 195
Belgium 2005 Males 91 95 82   98 95 108   116 111 113   155 135 156   137 124 139
    Females 81 85 68   108 105 103   124 122 117   151 144 147   134 131 128
    Both 89 95 78   100 98 102   115 112 112   155 137 160   133 123 138
Canada 2007 Males 81 90 78   109 113 100   112 118 124   180 157 205   146 137 168
    Females 67 75 64   105 107 110   118 125 111   178 179 162   146 154 133
    Both 79 89 74   110 111 106   111 116 117   175 157 197   142 137 157
Czech Republic 2008 Males 76 77 78   † † †   130 127 125   196 160 202   193 157 200
    Females 73 73 71   † † †   122 118 130   169 153 174   164 147 171
    Both 72 75 72   † † †   120 115 124   188 155 196   183 150 193
                                           
Denmark 2008 Males 82 79 84   89 46 108   116 121 107   139 112 147   133 114 138
    Females 84 77 85   70 41 141   113 123 108   125 120 132   123 121 128
    Both 83 80 83   88 45 121   118 123 108   126 110 136   125 112 131
Finland 2007 Males 90 89 92   100 100 100   132 129 132   176 138 210   161 137 177
    Females 96 89 94   100 100 100   130 128 125   158 145 191   146 142 153
    Both 94 93 94   100 100 100   124 116 126   164 131 207   148 129 167
France 2007 Males 87 91 82   100 100 100   125 122 132   178 150 196   158 138 183
    Females 82 96 73   100 100 100   129 132 132   161 154 185   147 144 166
    Both 84 94 76   100 100 100   123 122 127   168 147 197   150 136 178
Germany 2008 Males 97 93 96   113 123 110   128 107 114   178 147 160   163 140 148
    Females 80 75 90   110 114 116   114 135 141   172 166 188   158 159 179
    Both 90 88 93   106 111 106   131 118 135   180 154 178   167 146 168
Greece 2007 Males — — —   100 100 100   — — —   — — —   — — —
    Females — — —   100 100 100   — — —   — — —   — — —
    Both — — —   100 100 100   — — —   — — —   — — —
                                           
Hungary 2008 Males 77 77 74   127 120 130   127 125 104   248 214 271   248 213 271
    Females 71 75 61   112 111 111   130 120 161   184 175 195   183 175 194
    Both 73 76 67   118 115 121   127 120 148   211 191 237   210 191 237
Ireland 2005 Males 84 88 76   96 124 76   104 95 140   165 136 204   147 125 187
    Females 67 55 82   93 113 93   131 121 126   201 183 240   178 166 201
    Both 86 84 81   95 122 80   110 102 124   175 150 210   155 137 184
Italy 2006 Males 73 88 65   100 100 100   — — —   178 130 189   178 130 189
    Females 74 81 57   100 100 100   — — —   143 130 104   143 130 104
    Both 76 91 61   100 100 100   — — —   155 124 146   155 124 146
Japan 2007 Males 74 88 71   † † †   116 111 126   141 126 157   139 125 154
    Females 78 73 77   † † †   134 134 146   191 171 225   161 155 178
    Both 80 90 74   † † †   90 96 106   168 139 197   148 129 178
Korea 2007 Males 66 77 68   † † †   122 117 116   173 135 186   158 127 177
    Females 97 — 68   † † †   92 68 62   198 90 168   167 82 163
    Both 69 77 64   † † †   118 94 118   177 112 186   160 105 177
                                           
Luxembourg 2006 Males 74 80 62   100 100 100   135 129 140   184 154 236   158 142 183
    Females 73 71 60   100 100 100   123 124 110   150 146 138   134 133 121
    Both 74 78 62   100 100 100   132 127 136   177 152 225   153 139 175
Netherlands 2006 Males 87 92 82   100 100 100   152 150 148   151 136 157   151 136 157
    Females 75 76 71   100 100 100   147 157 137   159 151 159   159 151 159
    Both 85 91 77   100 100 100   153 151 159   154 140 160   154 140 160
New Zealand 2008 Males 87 86 84   102 108 97   103 87 102   137 120 150   126 112 133
    Females 83 82 78   89 91 86   103 88 106   141 129 140   125 118 121
    Both 82 84 75   111 113 103   93 82 92   131 118 141   118 109 118
Norway 2007 Males 79 75 77   116 111 125   140 127 144   133 106 152   134 107 151
    Females 81 78 77   118 114 129   148 144 149   133 126 146   134 127 146
    Both 79 76 77   123 119 132   150 127 167   127 106 149   128 107 151
Poland 2008 Males 87 85 82   113 107 121   — — —   188 160 227   188 160 227
    Females 75 83 60   119 114 119   — — —   161 152 176   161 152 176
    Both 83 86 76   109 104 118   — — —   167 147 207   167 147 207
                                           
Portugal 2006 Males 66 74 49   95 97 92   158 148 161   190 170 201   183 165 192
    Females 67 73 51   105 109 105   152 150 147   178 173 194   173 169 179
    Both 68 76 50   99 103 95   155 148 157   182 168 206   177 164 194
Slovak Republic 2008 Males 72 61 79   100 100 100   139 143 134   189 163 190   187 162 188
    Females 72 65 67   100 100 100   134 131 129   181 165 187   176 162 182
    Both 69 63 70   100 100 100   125 128 124   186 162 189   181 160 185
Spain 2007 Males 83 89 76   100 95 108   102 101 100   148 125 165   133 116 152
    Females 70 82 55   97 104 87   105 124 90   161 155 147   149 147 140
    Both 81 93 69   98 93 106   106 112 99   150 135 160   138 127 149
Sweden 2008 Males 82 79 83   123 82 126   106 97 112   144 119 158   134 114 146
    Females 82 76 85   108 85 126   113 95 120   131 128 147   126 123 137
    Both 83 79 86   121 81 133   105 95 111   133 117 152   126 113 138
Switzerland 2008 Males 78 88 65   103 82 128   124 124 125   146 136 142   138 133 136
    Females 76 74 65   122 119 132   137 139 118   164 142 156   156 142 145
    Both 74 81 60   111 97 134   140 134 143   161 140 162   154 138 156
                                           
Turkey 2005 Males 72 77 60   † † †   128 154 121   162 178 133   153 171 129
    Females 43 37 49   † † †   131 93 —   162 150 307   154 133 307
    Both 69 70 59   † † †   125 131 128   157 166 138   149 156 135
United Kingdom 2008 Males 68 70 72   100 100 100   122 108 119   153 143 159   145 136 146
    Females 73 73 70   100 100 100   135 133 127   195 195 179   177 182 159
    Both 71 72 69   100 100 100   124 114 121   167 158 166   154 149 150
United States 2008 Males 65 67 70   100 100 100   117 122 111   196 176 196   188 170 188
    Females 60 58 61   100 100 100   119 118 115   177 181 165   171 175 159
    Both 66 67 70   100 100 100   115 116 112   185 170 188   177 165 180
                                           
Non-OECD countries                                          
Brazil 2008 Males 52 59 36   † † †   — — —   263 251 266   263 251 266
    Females 46 50 31   † † †   — — —   271 260 242   271 260 242
    Both 52 59 36   † † †   — — —   254 243 253   254 243 253
Estonia 2008 Males 91 98 97   100 100 100   — — —   — — —   135 141 144
    Females 82 75 90   100 100 100   — — —   — — —   146 140 144
    Both 91 92 95   100 100 100   — — —   — — —   129 133 137
Israel 2008 Males 72 78 60   150 150 222   125 114 116   182 145 163   164 136 148
    Females 67 71 57   140 148 83   118 115 122   170 163 154   153 150 142
    Both 75 83 61   144 151 174   116 107 113   169 141 157   152 131 141
Slovenia 2007 Males 75 78 69   † † †   — — —   — — —   208 171 225
    Females 72 76 56   † † †   — — —   — — —   187 166 195
    Both 74 80 65   † † †   — — —   — — —   192 159 213
— Not available.
† Not applicable.
NOTE: Education levels are defined according to the 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97). Pre-primary education refers to ISCED97 level 0. Primary and secondary education refers to ISCED97 levels 1 (primary education), 2 (lower secondary education), 3 (upper secondary education, i.e. secondary education after compulsary schooling ends), and 4 (postsecondary nontertiary programs, i.e. pre-degree foundation courses or short vocational programmes). Tertiary education refers to the ISCED97 levels 5A (academic higher education below the doctoral level), 5B (vocational higher education), and 6 (doctoral level of academic higher education). Additionally, Belgium, Korea and Turkey report earnings net of income tax. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal and the partner country Slovenia report earnings excluding data for individuals in part-time work. Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland and the partner country Slovenia also exclude data on part-year earnings.
SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2010). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2010, table A7.1. Paris: Author.
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