Percentage of unemployed 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (ISCED level), country, and sex: 2008

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Table B.4.04.

Percentage of unemployed 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (ISCED level), country, and sex: 2008

‡ Reporting standards not met. There are too few observations to provide reliable estimates (i.e. there are fewer than 3 percent of students for this cell or too few schools for valid inferences). However, these statistics were included in the calculation of cross-country averages.
		Pre-primary and primary education	Lower secondary education		ISCED 3C Short	Upper secondary education				Post-secondary non-tertiary education	Tertiary education			All levels of education
Country	Sex	Pre-primary and primary education	Lower secondary education		ISCED 3C Short	ISCED 3C Long/3B		ISCED 3A		Post-secondary non-tertiary education	Type 5B	Type 5A and advanced research programmes		All levels of education
OECD average	Males	10.0	8.5		5.7	4.6		4.6		4.3	3.4	2.9		4.5
	Females	11.4	10.0		5.5	7.5		5.7		5.6	4.1	3.6		5.4

OECD countries
Australia	Males	7.0	4.8		—	—		2.5	¹	‡	3.0	1.8		3.0
	Females	4.5	5.2		—	—		3.7	¹	‡	3.0	1.8		3.2
Austria	Males	—	6.6	²	‡	2.9		‡		2.1	‡	2.0		2.9
	Females	—	6.9	²	‡	3.3		‡		2.2	‡	2.2		3.5
Belgium	Males	14.6	7.7		†	5.8		4.1		‡	3.1	3.3		5.4
	Females	13.7	11.4		†	8.4		7.0		‡	2.7	3.7		6.5
Canada	Males	11.5	9.0		†	—		5.6	³	5.6	4.5	4.0		5.4
	Females	11.2	7.6		†	—		5.4	³	5.1	4.0	4.1		4.8
Chile	Males	4.6	0.8		—	5.8		6.0	⁴	†	5.3	5.0		5.3
	Females	7.4	5.1		—	7.8		7.6	⁴	†	8.0	4.8		7.0

Czech Republic	Males	‡	17.3		†	2.8		1.7		—	—	1.5	⁵	2.9
	Females	‡	17.3		†	6.6		3.2		—	—	1.6	⁵	5.3
Denmark	Males	7.7	3.4		7.5	1.6		2.9		‡	1.8	2.5		2.3
	Females	8.7	3.4		2.9	2.8		3.0		‡	2.1	2.2		2.7
Finland	Males	8.1	7.0		†	†		4.9		‡	2.9	2.8		4.6
	Females	8.0	9.8		†	†		6.3		‡	3.6	3.7		5.3
France	Males	9.8	8.6		†	4.7		5.0		‡	2.9	4.3		5.5
	Females	10.8	10.6		†	6.8		6.1		‡	3.9	4.5		6.8
Germany	Males	23.7	16.4		†	7.5		8.4		4.5	2.9	3.0		7.1
	Females	22.7	13.5		†	7.8		6.9		4.0	3.7	4.0		7.4

Greece	Males	4.2	4.5		‡	‡		3.5		5.5	5.2	3.7		4.3
	Females	9.4	15.3		‡	19.9		9.9		12.9	11.2	6.2		10.1
Hungary	Males	37.1	17.6		†	7.0		4.3		‡	‡	2.0		6.7
	Females	57.9	15.3		†	9.0		5.6		7.2	‡	2.5		7.2
Iceland	Males	‡	‡		‡	‡		‡		‡	‡	‡		2.1
	Females	‡	‡		‡	‡		‡		‡	‡	‡		‡
Ireland	Males	10.6	8.8		‡	†		5.5		5.4	4.2	2.9		5.9
	Females	5.7	5.3		‡	†		3.5		4.7	3.1	2.5		3.6
Italy	Males	8.0	5.5		7.1	2.8		3.5		6.8	3.6	3.1		4.5
	Females	11.6	10.1		12.7	6.6		5.9		8.2	4.2	5.3		7.3

Japan	Males	—	—		—	—		4.7	⁶	†	4.0	2.5		3.8
	Females	—	—		—	—		4.0	⁶	†	3.6	3.2		3.8
Korea	Males	3.3	3.7		†	—		3.9	³	†	3.3	2.5		3.3
	Females	1.4	1.6		†	—		2.5	³	†	2.7	2.2		2.2
Luxembourg	Males	3.9	5.6		‡	‡		9.1		‡	‡	‡		3.7
	Females	7.1	‡		‡	6.8		4.3		‡	‡	3.2		4.5
Mexico	Males	2.5	2.5		†	2.2		2.7		†	1.5	3.0		2.6
	Females	2.1	2.7		†	2.1		4.5		†	3.0	3.9		2.8
Netherlands	Males	4.6	2.3		—	2.2	⁷	1.6		1.9	2.5	1.5		2.0
	Females	4.9	4.0		—	2.7	⁷	2.4		1.8	2.2	1.5		2.5

New Zealand	Males	—	4.4	²	2.5	3.1		2.0		1.9	2.8	2.0		2.6
	Females	—	4.1	²	1.9	3.5		2.3		3.8	2.8	2.3		2.9
Norway	Males	‡	4.1		†	‡		‡		‡	‡	1.5		1.8
	Females	‡	‡		†	‡		‡		‡	‡	‡		1.6
Poland	Males	—	11.2	²	†	6.1		4.3		5.3	—	2.9	⁸	5.4
	Females	—	11.9	²	†	9.0		6.8		6.7	—	3.4	⁸	6.7
Portugal	Males	6.8	6.3		—	—		5.5	¹	‡	—	4.3	⁸	6.2
	Females	7.9	11.0		—	—		7.6	¹	‡	—	6.8	⁸	8.2
Slovak Republic	Males	‡	37.1		—	8.2	⁷	3.9		†	‡	2.5		7.2
	Females	‡	34.8		—	13.2	⁷	6.5		†	‡	3.5		10.2

Spain	Males	14.0	10.0		†	7.0		8.0		‡	5.1	4.5		8.6
	Females	17.2	15.7		†	11.5		11.2		‡	9.3	6.2		11.5
Sweden	Males	7.0	5.7		†	—		3.7	³	4.3	4.0	3.2		4.0
	Females	13.4	6.9		†	—		4.5	³	4.9	3.7	2.9		4.4
Switzerland	Males	‡	5.2		‡	2.4		‡		‡	‡	1.8		2.3
	Females	‡	6.4		‡	2.9		4.9		‡	‡	2.9		3.4
Turkey	Males	10.2	9.5		†	6.8		8.4		—	—	6.3	⁵	9.0
	Females	7.1	17.0		†	16.3		15.8		—	—	9.3	⁵	9.8
United Kingdom	Males	‡	8.5		5.7	3.9		3.0		‡	2.4	1.9		3.9
	Females	‡	8.2		4.3	3.6		3.9		‡	2.3	1.9		3.5

United States	Males	10.2	11.3		—	—		5.6	⁹	—	3.7	2.0		4.9
	Females	6.1	9.7		—	—		4.9	⁹	—	3.5	2.1		4.0

Non-OECD countries
Brazil	Males	3.0	3.9		—	—		3.9	¹	†	—	2.4	⁸	3.4
	Females	6.1	8.6		—	—		8.5	¹	†	—	3.9	⁸	6.9
Estonia	Males	‡	9.8		†	‡		5.0		‡	‡	2.3		4.9
	Females	‡	9.6		†	‡		5.5		‡	3.3	2.5		4.6
Israel	Males	11.1	8.0		†	4.4		4.7		†	4.6	3.3		5.0
	Females	11.0	10.3		†	7.5		7.2		†	4.6	3.3		5.5
Slovenia	Males	11.3	4.8		†	3.2		2.8		†	3.0	2.6		3.3
	Females	13.7	5.8		†	4.8		3.9		†	3.2	3.5		4.3
— Not available.
† Not applicable.
¹ ISCED 3A includes data for ISCED 3C Short and ISCED 3C Long/3B.
² Lower secondary education includes data for pre-primary and primary education.
³ ISCED 3A includes data for ISCED 3C Long/3B.
⁴ ISCED 3A includes data for ISCED 3C Short.
⁵ Type 5A and advanced research programmes includes data for Type 5B tertiary education and post-secondary non-tertiary education.
⁶ ISCED 3A includes data for pre-primary and primary education, lower secondary education, ISCED 3C Short, and ISCED 3C Long/3B.
⁷ ISCED 3C Long/3B includes data for ISCED 3C Short.
⁸ Type A and advanced research programmes includes data for Type B tertiary education.
⁹ ISCED 3A includes data for ISCED 3C Short, ISCED 3C Long/3B, and post-secondary non-tertiary education.
NOTE: Education levels are defined according to the 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97). Pre-primary education refers to ISCED97 level 0. Primary and secondary education refers to ISCED97 levels 1 (primary education), 2 (lower secondary education), 3 (upper secondary education), and 4 (postsecondary nontertiary programs). Higher education refers to the ISCED97 levels 5A (academic higher education below the doctoral level), 5B (vocational higher education), and 6 (doctoral level of academic higher education). Within ISCED 3, there are three categories: (3A) programmes at level 3 designed to provide direct access to ISCED 5A; (3B) programmes at level 3 designed to provide direct access to ISCED 5B; and (3C) programmes at level 3 not designed to lead directly to ISCED 5A or 5B.
SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2010). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2010, table A6.2a. Paris: Author.

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National Center for Education Statistics - http://nces.ed.gov
U.S. Department of Education

U.S. Department of Education
Institute of Education Sciences
National Center for Education Statistics