Proportion of age cohorts in skilled jobs (ISCO 1-3), by educational attainment, age group, and country: 2006 and 1998

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Table B.4.01.

Proportion of age cohorts in skilled jobs (ISCO 1-3), by educational attainment, age group, and country: 2006 and 1998

† Not applicable.
		Percentage of cohorts with tertiary education (ISCED 5/6¹) employed in skilled jobs					Change between 1998 and 2006 (percentage point)	Percentage of cohorts with below tertiary education (ISCED 0-4¹) employed in skilled jobs					Difference between (percentage point)
Country	Year	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	25-64	25-34	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	25-64	25-34 and 45-54
OECD average	2006	79	82	85	86	82	-2	23	26	26	28	26	-3
	1998	80	85	87	88	84		23	25	27	26	25	-4
OECD countries
Australia	2006	77	81	83	83	80	†	30	34	36	35	33	-6
	1998	—	—	—	—	—		—	—	—	—	—	†
Austria	2006	80	75	76	81	77	4	33	31	29	30	31	4
	1998	76	81	80	82	79		24	24	22	28	24	2
Belgium	2006	75	76	82	85	78	2	22	25	27	32	26	-5
	1998	74	80	85	89	79		19	23	26	34	24	-7
Canada	2006	64	65	66	69	66	1	23	26	26	26	25	-3
	1998	63	67	71	69	66		22	25	26	25	25	-4
Czech Republic	2006	93	95	95	95	94	#	29	33	29	32	31	-1
	1998	94	95	95	95	95		27	28	29	31	28	-2

Denmark	2006	81	86	88	89	86	1	19	24	25	25	23	-5
	1998	79	86	88	88	85		16	20	21	19	19	-5
Finland	2006	81	81	82	86	82	9	29	25	23	25	25	6
	1998	73	79	80	89	78		27	28	27	25	27	#
France	2006	74	83	88	91	81	-5	19	23	27	31	24	-8
	1998	79	88	91	94	85		18	22	29	30	24	-11
Germany²	2006	79	78	78	78	78	5	31	30	30	31	30	1
	1998	74	75	78	75	76		26	27	28	28	27	-2
Hungary	2006	87	91	92	92	90	-4	20	20	20	23	20	#
	1998	91	92	91	92	92		20	20	21	22	20	-1

Iceland	2006	85	87	94	88	88	†	25	30	30	30	29	-5
	1998	—	—	—	—	—		—	—	—	—	—	†
Ireland	2006	65	74	80	80	72	†	19	25	27	32	25	-9
	1998	—	—	—	—	—		—	—	—	—	—	†
Italy³	2006	79	86	92	96	86	-1	28	32	34	40	33	-6
	1998	80	88	92	94	88		20	23	23	21	22	-3
Luxembourg²	2006	96	96	98	99	97	#	25	27	27	33	27	-2
	1998	96	96	97	97	97		25	29	28	34	28	-3
Netherlands⁴	2006	85	89	90	91	88	-2	33	36	37	34	35	-4
	1998	87	91	92	95	90		36	40	40	44	39	-4

Norway	2006	79	88	90	91	86	-1	20	26	26	26	25	-6
	1998	80	88	90	92	86		19	28	28	24	25	-9
Poland	2006	80	92	92	91	87	-11	16	18	21	22	19	-5
	1998	91	94	94	93	93		19	21	23	15	21	-4
Portugal	2006	83	90	93	95	88	-8	14	16	19	18	17	-5
	1998	91	94	94	96	93		12	17	19	16	16	-7
Slovak Republic	2006	89	92	93	94	92	-1	25	26	24	25	25	#
	1998	90	95	96	95	94		22	25	28	26	25	-6
Spain	2006	59	65	75	81	66	#	10	16	18	22	16	-7
	1998	59	74	82	82	69		14	19	20	20	18	-6

Sweden²	2006	78	87	89	91	86	-13	20	29	28	30	27	-8
	1998	92	94	95	96	94		31	34	38	34	34	-7
Switzerland	2006	82	80	79	81	80	5	34	32	33	32	33	#
	1998	77	78	82	80	79		33	32	32	30	32	#
Turkey	2006	73	79	85	83	77	†	16	18	17	12	16	-1
	1998	—	—	—	—	—		—	—	—	—	—	†
United Kingdom³	2006	76	81	82	80	80	-3	28	30	28	26	28	-1
	1998	79	85	87	83	83		27	29	28	25	27	-1
United States⁵	2006	63	65	66	67	65	#	15	18	19	20	18	-4
	1998	63	66	67	68	66		15	18	19	19	18	-4

Non-OECD countries
Israel	2006	73	71	69	67	70	-1	26	24	24	23	25	2
	1998	73	69	68	68	70		27	25	25	24	26	2
Slovenia	2006	90	93	93	94	92	#	23	25	23	21	23	-1
	1998	90	93	93	94	92		23	25	23	21	23	-1
# Rounds to zero.
¹ Education levels are defined according to the 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97). Pre-primary education refers to ISCED97 level 0. Primary and secondary education refers to ISCED97 levels 1 (primary education), 2 (lower secondary education), 3 (upper secondary education), and 4 (postsecondary nontertiary programs). Higher education refers to the ISCED97 levels 5A (academic higher education below the doctoral level), 5B (vocational higher education), and 6 (doctoral level of academic higher education).
² Reference year is 1999 instead of 1998. ³ Italy: change in survey methodology between 1998 and 2006 affects comparability. The United Kingdom: change in national occupation coding frame in 2000 affects comparability for ISCO. ⁴ Reference year is 2000 instead of 1998. 5 ISCO groupings 3 and 9 in 2006 are not separated and thus distributed among remaining classification.
NOTE: The table only refers to the employed population. ISCO refers to the International Standard Classification of Occupations, an International Labour Organization (ILO) classification structure for organizing information on labor and jobs. Skill levels are defined as: (1) managers, (2) professionals, (3) technicians and associate professionals, (4) clerical support workers, (5) service and sales workers, (6) skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers, (7) craft and related trades workers, (8) plant and machine operators and assemblers, (9) elementary occupations, and (0) armed forces occupations. Also, calculations for percentage change were made using raw, unrounded numbers; using whole numbers in the table would not give the same results.
SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2009). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2009, table A1.6. Paris: Author.

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National Center for Education Statistics - http://nces.ed.gov
U.S. Department of Education

U.S. Department of Education
Institute of Education Sciences
National Center for Education Statistics