Table 4.--English language proficiency and poverty rates for school-age children, by state: April 1990 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Persons 5 years old and over | |5- to 17-year-old population |________________________________________________________________________________________| Percent |______________________________ State | | Speaks | Speaks non-English language at home | in lin- | | | | Total | only |______________________________________________________________|guistically| Total | In |Percent | | English | | | Ability to speak English | isolated | |poverty\2\| in | | at home | Total |Per- |____________________________________________| house- | | |poverty | | | |cent | Very | Well | Not well | Percent | holds\1\ | | | | | | | | well | | or not | of total | | | | | | | | | | | at all |population| | | | | | | | | | | |who speak | | | | | | | | | | | |less than | | | | | | | | | | | |very well | | | | ______________________|____________|____________|___________|_____|___________|__________|__________|__________|___________|___________|__________|_______ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 ______________________|____________|____________|___________|_____|___________|__________|__________|__________|___________|___________|__________|_______ United States .....|230,445,777 |198,600,798 |31,844,979 |13.8 |17,862,477 |7,310,301 |6,672,201 | 6.1 | 3.4 |45,249,989 |7,811,817 | 17.3 |____________|____________|___________|_____|___________|__________|__________|__________|___________|___________|__________|_______ Alabama ..............| 3,759,802 | 3,651,936 | 107,866 | 2.9 | 71,848 | 22,656 | 13,362 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 775,493 | 181,059 | 23.3 Alaska ...............| 495,425 | 435,260 | 60,165 |12.1 | 37,685 | 14,846 | 7,634 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 117,447 | 11,952 | 10.2 Arizona ..............| 3,374,806 | 2,674,519 | 700,287 |20.8 | 424,380 | 153,484 | 122,423 | 8.2 | 4.2 | 688,260 | 140,990 | 20.5 Arkansas .............| 2,186,665 | 2,125,884 | 60,781 | 2.8 | 39,396 | 11,909 | 9,476 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 456,464 | 109,183 | 23.9 California ...........| 27,383,547 | 18,764,213 | 8,619,334 |31.5 | 4,196,551 |2,010,713 |2,412,070 | 16.2 | 9.8 | 5,353,010 | 938,965 | 17.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | Colorado .............| 3,042,986 | 2,722,355 | 320,631 |10.5 | 210,742 | 65,502 | 44,387 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 608,373 | 85,171 | 14.0 Connecticut ..........| 3,060,000 | 2,593,825 | 466,175 |15.2 | 282,157 | 111,698 | 72,320 | 6.0 | 3.2 | 521,225 | 52,757 | 10.1 Delaware .............| 617,720 | 575,393 | 42,327 | 6.9 | 27,758 | 9,130 | 5,439 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 114,517 | 12,886 | 11.3 District of Columbia .| 570,284 | 498,936 | 71,348 |12.5 | 42,220 | 14,572 | 14,556 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 79,741 | 19,116 | 24.0 Florida ..............| 12,095,284 | 9,996,969 | 2,098,315 |17.3 | 1,137,012 | 454,892 | 506,411 | 7.9 | 4.5 | 2,016,641 | 357,493 | 17.7 | | | | | | | | | | | | Georgia ..............| 5,984,188 | 5,699,642 | 284,546 | 4.8 | 175,496 | 60,477 | 48,573 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1,231,768 | 235,392 | 19.1 Hawaii ...............| 1,026,209 | 771,485 | 254,724 |24.8 | 130,306 | 76,827 | 47,591 | 12.1 | 5.5 | 196,903 | 21,807 | 11.1 Idaho ................| 926,703 | 867,708 | 58,995 | 6.4 | 36,699 | 10,823 | 11,473 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 228,212 | 33,638 | 14.7 Illinois .............| 10,585,838 | 9,086,726 | 1,499,112 |14.2 | 841,129 | 349,780 | 308,203 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 2,098,225 | 337,703 | 16.1 Indiana...............| 5,146,160 | 4,900,334 | 245,826 | 4.8 | 158,844 | 57,770 | 29,212 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1,057,308 | 137,649 | 13.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | Iowa .................| 2,583,526 | 2,483,135 | 100,391 | 3.9 | 64,984 | 21,984 | 13,423 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 525,677 | 68,264 | 13.0 Kansas ...............| 2,289,615 | 2,158,011 | 131,604 | 5.7 | 83,262 | 28,254 | 20,088 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 473,224 | 61,812 | 13.1 Kentucky .............| 3,434,955 | 3,348,473 | 86,482 | 2.5 | 57,059 | 17,742 | 11,681 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 703,223 | 165,029 | 23.5 Louisiana ............| 3,886,353 | 3,494,359 | 391,994 |10.1 | 263,689 | 87,844 | 40,461 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 892,619 | 270,834 | 30.3 Maine ................| 1,142,122 | 1,036,681 | 105,441 | 9.2 | 77,682 | 20,614 | 7,145 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 223,280 | 28,666 | 12.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | Maryland .............| 4,425,285 | 4,030,234 | 395,051 | 8.9 | 246,558 | 86,309 | 62,184 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 804,423 | 86,825 | 10.8 Massachusetts ........| 5,605,751 | 4,753,523 | 852,228 |15.2 | 503,442 | 190,011 | 158,775 | 6.2 | 3.6 | 940,602 | 117,235 | 12.5 Michigan .............| 8,594,737 | 8,024,930 | 569,807 | 6.6 | 381,145 | 118,799 | 69,863 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1,756,211 | 298,022 | 17.0 Minnesota ............| 4,038,861 | 3,811,700 | 227,161 | 5.6 | 147,820 | 48,487 | 30,854 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 829,983 | 97,194 | 11.7 Mississippi ..........| 2,378,805 | 2,312,289 | 66,516 | 2.8 | 42,004 | 15,434 | 9,078 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 551,396 | 179,914 | 32.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | Missouri..............| 4,748,704 | 4,570,494 | 178,210 | 3.8 | 115,272 | 39,521 | 23,417 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 945,582 | 155,815 | 16.5 Montana ..............| 740,218 | 703,198 | 37,020 | 5.0 | 25,563 | 8,379 | 3,078 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 162,847 | 30,726 | 18.9 Nebraska .............| 1,458,904 | 1,389,032 | 69,872 | 4.8 | 47,620 | 13,712 | 8,540 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 309,406 | 38,008 | 12.3 Nevada ...............| 1,110,450 | 964,298 | 146,152 |13.2 | 83,984 | 33,477 | 28,691 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 204,731 | 24,708 | 12.1 New Hampshire ........| 1,024,621 | 935,825 | 88,796 | 8.7 | 63,986 | 17,258 | 7,552 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 194,190 | 13,334 | 6.9 | | | | | | | | | | | | New Jersey ...........| 7,200,696 | 5,794,548 | 1,406,148 |19.5 | 797,152 | 330,728 | 278,268 | 8.5 | 4.6 | 1,266,825 | 139,494 | 11.0 New Mexico ...........| 1,390,048 | 896,049 | 493,999 |35.5 | 334,379 | 103,456 | 56,164 | 11.5 | 5.9 | 320,863 | 84,834 | 26.4 New York .............| 16,743,048 | 12,834,328 | 3,908,720 |23.3 | 2,143,194 | 937,207 | 828,319 | 10.5 | 6.0 | 3,003,785 | 547,669 | 18.2 North Carolina .......| 6,172,301 | 5,931,435 | 240,866 | 3.9 | 154,052 | 49,332 | 37,482 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1,147,194 | 186,295 | 16.2 North Dakota .........| 590,839 | 543,942 | 46,897 | 7.9 | 35,234 | 8,630 | 3,033 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 127,540 | 20,410 | 16.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | Ohio .................| 10,063,212 | 9,517,064 | 546,148 | 5.4 | 356,283 | 124,333 | 65,532 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2,014,595 | 330,029 | 16.4 Oklahoma .............| 2,921,755 | 2,775,957 | 145,798 | 5.0 | 93,913 | 31,449 | 20,436 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 610,484 | 123,407 | 20.2 Oregon ...............| 2,640,482 | 2,448,772 | 191,710 | 7.3 | 113,548 | 40,234 | 37,928 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 522,709 | 72,666 | 13.9 Pennsylvania .........| 11,085,170 | 10,278,294 | 806,876 | 7.3 | 513,867 | 184,976 | 108,033 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1,997,752 | 294,396 | 14.7 Rhode Island .........| 936,423 | 776,931 | 159,492 |17.0 | 93,565 | 34,376 | 31,551 | 7.0 | 3.9 | 158,721 | 20,028 | 12.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | South Carolina .......| 3,231,539 | 3,118,376 | 113,163 | 3.5 | 75,406 | 23,614 | 14,143 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 663,870 | 133,363 | 20.1 South Dakota .........| 641,226 | 599,232 | 41,994 | 6.5 | 29,491 | 8,614 | 3,889 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 143,958 | 27,130 | 18.8 Tennessee ............| 4,544,743 | 4,413,193 | 131,550 | 2.9 | 86,026 | 27,125 | 18,399 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 883,189 | 172,979 | 19.6 Texas ................| 15,605,822 | 11,635,518 | 3,970,304 |25.4 | 2,204,581 | 953,668 | 812,055 | 11.3 | 6.3 | 3,445,785 | 810,533 | 23.5 Utah .................| 1,553,351 | 1,432,947 | 120,404 | 7.8 | 79,579 | 25,043 | 15,782 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 457,811 | 51,477 | 11.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | Vermont ..............| 521,521 | 491,112 | 30,409 | 5.8 | 23,162 | 4,789 | 2,458 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 101,822 | 11,534 | 11.3 Virginia .............| 5,746,419 | 5,327,898 | 418,521 | 7.3 | 257,292 | 92,008 | 69,221 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1,061,583 | 134,522 | 12.7 Washington ...........| 4,501,879 | 4,098,706 | 403,173 | 9.0 | 237,966 | 87,786 | 77,421 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 894,607 | 118,597 | 13.3 West Virginia.........| 1,686,932 | 1,642,729 | 44,203 | 2.6 | 30,609 | 8,241 | 5,353 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 336,918 | 81,665 | 24.2 Wisconsin ............| 4,531,134 | 4,267,496 | 263,638 | 5.8 | 170,342 | 57,149 | 36,147 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 928,252 | 125,768 | 13.5 Wyoming ..............| 418,713 | 394,904 | 23,809 | 5.7 | 16,543 | 4,639 | 2,627 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 100,745 | 12,874 | 12.8 ______________________|____________|____________|___________|_____|___________|__________|__________|__________|___________|___________|__________|_______ \1\A linguistically isolated household is one where no person 14 or older speaks English at least very well. \2\Based on 1989 incomes. NOTE.--English proficiency reported by survey respondents, not based on proficiency assessment. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Decennial Census, unpublished tables. (This table was prepared November 1994.)