Table 16.--Average proficiency in reading for 4th graders in public schools,\1\ by selected characteristics, region, and state: 1994 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ |Average | Race/ethnicity\2\ | Sex | | | Parental education\3\ Region and | |___________________________________|_______________________|Percent of| |_________________________________________ state | |White |Black |His- | | |students |Percent of|Did not |Gradu- |Some edu-|Grad- | | | |panic | Male |Female | reading |students |finish |ated |cation |uated | | | | | | |for fun |watching |high |high |after |col- | | | | | | |on their |television|school |school |high |lege | | | | | | |own time |6 or more | | |school | | | | | | | |almost |hours per | | | | | | | | | | |every day |day | | | | ______________________|_________|__________|______________|_________|____________|__________|__________|__________|___________|_________|_________|_________ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 ______________________|_________|__________|______________|_________|____________|__________|__________|__________|___________|_________|_________|_________ United States ......|212 (1.1)| 223 (1.3)| 186 (1.7)|188 (2.7)| 207 (1.3)| 218 (1.2)|45 (0.7) | 22 (0.7)| 188 (3.5)|206 (1.9)|222 (2.2)|222 (1.4) |_________|__________|______________|_________|____________|__________|__________|__________|___________|_________|_________|_________ Region | | | | | | | | | | | | Northeast ............|212 (2.2)| 224 (2.5)| 184 (2.1)|191 (4.2)| 207 (3.0)| 216 (2.2)|45 (1.2) | 25 (2.0)|(\4\) (\4\)|202 (3.3)|222 (4.4)|221 (3.1) Southeast ............|208 (2.0)| 219 (2.4)| 188 (2.5)|184 (4.1)| 202 (2.5)| 215 (2.2)|40 (1.3) | 25 (1.7)| 186 (4.8)|207 (3.9)|222 (3.0)|216 (3.0) Central ..............|218 (2.7)| 225 (2.8)| 182 (6.4)|199 (6.7)| 212 (2.6)| 225 (3.0)|46 (1.4) | 19 (1.6)|(\4\) (\4\)|215 (4.0)|221 (5.1)|226 (3.0) West .................|212 (2.2)| 222 (2.0)| 186 (4.8)|186 (4.4)|\5\207 (2.5)| 217 (2.5)|46 (1.5) | 17 (1.2)| 188 (6.6)|201 (3.9)|221 (5.1)|223 (2.4) | | | | | | | | | | | | State | | | | | | | | | | | | Alabama ..............|208 (1.5)| 220 (1.5)| 188 (1.9)|178 (4.3)| 203 (1.9)| 213 (1.6)|41 (1.2) | 21 (1.1)| 197 (3.0)|201 (2.6)|217 (3.2)|217 (1.9) Arizona .............|206 (1.9)| 220 (1.6)| 183 (5.7)|188 (2.6)| 201 (2.2)| 211 (2.1)|44 (1.2) | 16 (1.1)| 189 (3.5)|200 (3.3)|219 (3.5)|218 (2.3) Arkansas .............|209 (1.7)| 218 (1.7)| 183 (2.3)|192 (4.2)| 204 (1.9)| 213 (1.8)|41 (1.1) | 25 (1.6)| 196 (3.8)|203 (2.6)|221 (3.1)|215 (2.0) California ...........|197 (1.8)| 211 (2.0)| 182 (4.9)|174 (2.4)| 194 (1.9)| 200 (2.2)|45 (1.3) | 21 (1.3)| 166 (4.3)|191 (4.2)|207 (3.4)|207 (2.1) Colorado .............|213 (1.3)| 222 (1.3)| 191 (4.7)|193 (2.1)| 209 (1.8)| 218 (1.5)|47 (1.1) | 31 (1.0)| 192 (5.9)|213 (3.0)|220 (2.7)|222 (1.4) | | | | | | | | | | | | Connecticut ..........|222 (1.6)| 234 (1.3)| 190 (4.8)|190 (3.9)| 218 (1.8)| 226 (2.0)|48 (1.3) | 20 (1.2)| 204 (6.9)|209 (3.6)|234 (2.9)|231 (1.7) Delaware ............ |206 (1.1)| 215 (1.3)| 188 (2.4)|190 (3.1)| 200 (2.1)| 212 (1.5)|42 (1.1) | 26 (1.3)| 185 (4.6)|202 (3.2)|217 (3.3)|214 (1.4) Florida ..............|205 (1.7)| 218 (1.6)| 183 (2.4)|189 (3.1)| 199 (2.1)| 210 (1.8)|41 (0.9) | 24 (1.1)| 187 (4.8)|195 (3.2)|219 (3.3)|212 (2.3) Georgia ..............|207 (2.4)| 222 (1.9)| 185 (3.2)|184 (5.7)| 201 (3.0)| 212 (2.2)|45 (1.3) | 22 (1.5)| 185 (5.4)|199 (3.4)|219 (3.2)|217 (2.9) Hawaii ...............|201 (1.7)| 219 (2.1)| 189 (4.5)|185 (4.0)| 194 (2.1)| 208 (1.7)|42 (1.1) | 20 (1.1)| 192 (5.3)|194 (2.7)|215 (5.0)|208 (1.9) | | | | | | | | | | | | Indiana ..............|220 (1.3)| 225 (1.4)| 193 (2.5)|201 (3.5)| 216 (1.5)| 223 (1.5)|41 (1.1) | 18 (1.1)| 198 (4.6)|216 (2.6)|230 (2.8)|229 (1.5) Iowa .................|223 (1.3)| 225 (1.2)|\5\ 186 (7.0)|204 (4.1)| 219 (1.6)| 227 (1.5)|50 (1.3) | 13 (1.1)| 211 (4.5)|219 (2.1)|232 (2.9)|229 (1.6) Kentucky .............|212 (1.6)| 215 (1.6)| 190 (3.4)|196 (4.1)| 206 (1.8)| 217 (2.0)|40 (1.1) | 25 (1.1)| 195 (3.2)|212 (2.0)|222 (2.9)|218 (2.1) Louisiana ............|197 (1.3)| 213 (1.4)| 180 (1.6)|175 (5.0)| 193 (1.6)| 200 (1.7)|38 (1.3) | 28 (1.4)| 188 (2.4)|196 (2.1)|209 (2.6)|200 (2.2) Maine ................|228 (1.3)| 229 (1.3)| (\4\) (\4\)|218 (4.6)| 225 (1.6)| 231 (1.6)|46 (1.3) | 12 (0.8)| 214 (3.3)|225 (2.5)|237 (2.4)|236 (1.5) | | | | | | | | | | | | Maryland .............|210 (1.5)| 223 (1.5)| 185 (2.3)|197 (3.5)| 205 (1.8)| 214 (1.8)|45 (1.3) | 23 (1.5)| 195 (5.1)|202 (4.1)|215 (3.3)|217 (2.2) Massachusetts ........|223 (1.3)| 231 (1.2)| 199 (3.1)|194 (2.8)|\5\221 (1.5)| 226 (1.5)|46 (1.2) | 14 (1.2)| 206 (3.4)|212 (3.1)|230 (2.3)|232 (1.6) Minnesota ............|218 (1.4)| 222 (1.1)| 173 (8.0)|202 (4.4)| 214 (1.5)| 223 (1.9)|48 (1.3) | 12 (0.9)|(\4\) (\4\)|212 (3.2)|220 (2.8)|229 (1.6) Mississippi ..........|202 (1.6)| 220 (2.0)| 187 (2.1)|181 (3.9)| 196 (1.6)| 207 (1.9)|39 (0.9) | 28 (1.1)| 192 (3.2)|199 (2.8)|213 (3.8)|207 (2.1) Missouri .............|217 (1.5)| 223 (1.3)| 192 (4.1)|200 (3.9)| 213 (1.9)| 221 (1.8)|44 (1.2) | 21 (1.1)| 199 (3.7)|216 (2.4)|227 (3.3)|225 (2.0) | | | | | | | | | | | | Montana\6\ ..........|222 (1.4)| 226 (1.3)| (\4\) (\4\)|208 (3.2)| 218 (1.6)| 227 (1.7)|49 (1.2) | 12 (1.1)| 211 (4.2)|219 (2.2)|227 (2.8)|230 (1.8) Nebraska\6\ ..........|220 (1.5)| 224 (1.4)|\5\ 190 (5.5)|205 (3.9)| 216 (1.5)| 224 (1.9)|46 (1.2) | 14 (1.3)|(\4\) (\4\)|215 (2.5)|232 (2.9)|231 (1.5) New Hampshire\6\ .....|223 (1.5)| 224 (1.5)| (\4\) (\4\)|213 (4.8)| 218 (1.6)| 229 (1.8)|47 (1.5) | 14 (1.4)| 207 (5.6)|220 (2.6)|236 (2.7)|231 (2.0) New Jersey ...........|219 (1.2)| 231 (1.2)| 193 (3.4)|200 (2.5)| 216 (1.5)| 222 (1.3)|43 (1.1) | 23 (1.3)| 193 (5.9)|209 (3.1)|225 (2.8)|230 (1.4) New Mexico ...........|205 (1.7)| 219 (1.7)| 196 (7.0)|196 (2.2)| 201 (2.1)| 208 (1.8)|44 (1.0) | 13 (1.0)| 188 (4.8)|200 (3.2)|220 (2.9)|215 (1.9) | | | | | | | | | | | | New York ............ |212 (1.4)| 226 (1.7)| 191 (1.9)|193 (2.6)| 207 (1.8)| 216 (1.6)|49 (1.1) | 22 (1.5)| 196 (4.2)|208 (2.7)|224 (3.3)|220 (2.0) North Carolina .......|214 (1.5)| 225 (1.6)| 193 (1.9)|189 (4.4)| 209 (1.7)| 220 (1.8)|46 (1.1) | 19 (1.0)| 195 (2.9)|204 (2.2)|226 (2.6)|223 (2.0) North Dakota .........|225 (1.2)| 228 (1.2)| (\4\) (\4\)|212 (2.9)| 221 (1.5)| 230 (1.5)|47 (1.3) | 11 (1.0)|(\4\) (\4\)|217 (2.5)|232 (2.9)|233 (1.3) Pennsylvania\6\ ......|215 (1.6)| 224 (1.3)| 180 (3.8)|187 (3.9)| 211 (1.8)| 220 (1.9)|43 (1.1) | 19 (1.4)| 187 (5.7)|210 (2.2)|221 (2.9)|224 (2.3) Rhode Island\6\ ......|220 (1.3)| 226 (1.4)| 197 (2.4)|195 (2.8)| 215 (1.5)| 225 (1.5)|48 (0.9) | 16 (1.1)| 203 (4.9)|217 (2.5)|230 (2.6)|228 (1.6) | | | | | | | | | | | | South Carolina .......|203 (1.4)| 219 (1.4)| 184 (1.7)|182 (3.3)| 199 (1.7)| 208 (1.6)|44 (1.1) | 24 (1.2)| 189 (3.0)|193 (2.5)|216 (4.1)|213 (2.0) Tennessee\6\ .........|213 (1.7)| 220 (1.8)| 188 (3.0)|196 (6.7)| 208 (2.1)| 217 (1.9)|39 (1.5) | 20 (1.5)| 200 (3.7)|213 (3.3)|225 (3.9)|219 (2.7) Texas ................|212 (1.9)| 227 (1.7)| 191 (4.4)|198 (1.9)| 210 (2.0)| 214 (2.1)|42 (1.4) | 20 (1.3)| 195 (3.2)|207 (3.1)|224 (2.7)|222 (3.0) Utah .................|217 (1.3)| 221 (1.3)| (\4\) (\4\)|199 (2.5)| 213 (1.7)| 222 (1.3)|47 (1.2) | 9 (0.9)|(\4\) (\4\)|211 (2.6)|225 (2.5)|226 (1.5) Virginia .............|213 (1.5)| 224 (1.6)| 192 (1.9)|206 (3.4)| 208 (1.8)| 219 (1.5)|47 (1.4) | 24 (1.3)| 196 (4.3)|207 (2.6)|220 (3.1)|221 (1.9) | | | | | | | | | | | | Washington ..........|213 (1.5)| 217 (1.5)| 198 (3.1)|190 (3.6)| 209 (1.8)| 217 (1.7)|48 (1.2) | 13 (0.9)| 197 (4.6)|209 (2.7)|216 (2.4)|223 (1.7) West Virginia ........|213 (1.1)| 215 (1.0)| 202 (4.2)|192 (4.8)| 208 (1.4)| 218 (1.4)|39 (1.1) | 19 (1.1)| 196 (3.1)|213 (2.2)|226 (2.9)|221 (1.5) Wisconsin\6\ .........|224 (1.1)| 228 (1.1)| 197 (3.5)|203 (4.3)| 221 (1.2)| 227 (1.5)|49 (1.3) | 14 (1.0)| 212 (4.1)|223 (2.5)|228 (2.5)|233 (1.6) Wyoming ..............|221 (1.2)| 224 (1.2)| (\4\) (\4\)|209 (3.1)| 218 (1.3)| 224 (1.6)|51 (1.0) | 12 (0.7)| 203 (4.1)|215 (2.1)|230 (2.1)|228 (1.5) |=========|==========|==============|=========|============|==========|==========|==========|===========|=========|=========|========= Department of Defense | | | | | | | | | | | | Overseas Schools ..|218 (0.9)| 224 (1.2)| 205 (1.9)|211 (1.7)| 213 (1.3)| 223 (1.0)|48 (0.9) | 19 (0.9)|(\4\) (\4\)|209 (2.3)|226 (2.3)|223 (1.4) Guam .................|181 (1.2)| 192 (4.2)| 171 (8.0)|171 (2.3)| 172 (1.4)| 190 (1.7)|44 (1.3) | 23 (0.8)| 164 (4.8)|176 (2.6)|189 (4.3)|185 (1.8) ______________________|_________|__________|______________|_________|____________|__________|__________|__________|___________|_________|_________|_________ \1\As measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Some states did not participate in the test. \2\Children from other racial/ethnic groups are included in totals, but not shown separately. \3\Parents' highest level of education. Data not shown for students who did not know parents' level of education. \4\ Sample size is insufficient to permit a reliable estimate. \5\The nature of the sample does not allow accurate determination of the variability of this value. \6\Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. NOTE.--These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information. A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Excludes states not participating in the survey. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors are in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1994 Reading Report Card for the Nation and the States, prepared by Educational Testing Service. (This table was prepared February 1998.)