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Figure 16-2.  Annual public and private education expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), by education level and country: 1995 and 2007

Annual public and private education expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), by education level and country: 1995 and 2007

1 Public expenditures only.
2 Data for 1995 in the Russian Federation are not available.
3 Postsecondary nontertiary data included in higher education for Canada and in secondary and higher education for Japan.
4 Reference year is 2006 rather than 2007. Also, preprimary education data included in primary and secondary education.
NOTE: Countries are arranged according to increasing levels of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, as shown in U.S. dollars in parentheses. Education levels are defined according to the 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97). Except where otherwise noted, primary and secondary education refers to ISCED97 levels 1 (primary education), 2 (lower secondary education), 3 (upper secondary education), and 4 (postsecondary nontertiary programs), and higher education refers to ISCED97 levels 5A (academic higher education below the doctoral level), 5B (vocational higher education), and 6 (doctoral level of academic higher education). For more information on the ISCED97 levels, see appendix A in this report. Shown are total expenditures collected by source of funds. Includes both public and private sources, except where otherwise noted. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2010). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2010, tables B2.1 and X2.1. Paris: Author.