Table 1. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1–12, by public and private school type and student and household characteristics: 1993, 1996, 1999, 2003, and 2007

Trends in the Use of School Choice: 1993 to 2007

NCES 2010-004
April 2010

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Table 1.

Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1–12, by public and private school type and student and household characteristics: 1993, 1996, 1999, 2003, and 2007

Student and household characteristics	School type
	Public, assigned					Public, chosen					Private, religious					Private, nonsectarian
	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007
Total	80	76	76	74	73	11	14	14	15	16	8	8	7	8	9	2	2	2	2	3

Sex
Male	81	76	76	74	73	11	13	14	15	16	7	8	7	8	8	2	3	2	2	3
Female	79	76	75	74	73	11	14	15	15	15	8	8	8	9	9	2	2	2	2	2

Race/ethnicity¹
White	81	77	77	75	74	9	11	11	13	13	9	9	9	10	11	2	3	3	3	3
Black	77	73	71	68	69	19	22	23	24	24	3	4	4	6	6	1	1	2	2	2
Hispanic	79	76	77	78	76	14	16	18	15	17	6	6	4	6	6	1	1	1	1	1
Asian or Pacific Islander	—	—	—	68	74	—	—	—	19	14	—	—	—	9	7	—	—	—	4	5
Other race	—	—	—	72	72	—	—	—	20	20	—	—	—	6	6	—	—	—	3	3

Grade level
Grades 1–5	79	74	74	72	71	12	15	15	17	17	8	9	9	10	9	1	2	2	2	3
Grades 6–8	81	79	79	75	77	10	11	12	15	12	7	7	7	8	9	1	2	2	2	2
Grades 9–12	81	76	77	76	73	11	14	16	14	16	6	7	5	7	9	2	3	2	3	2

Disability status
Has a disability	—	—	76	74	76	—	—	16	17	15	—	—	6	6	7	—	—	2	3	2
Does not have a disability	—	—	76	74	73	—	—	14	15	16	—	—	8	9	9	—	—	2	2	3

Poverty status²
Poor	83	78	77	78	78	14	18	19	18	19	3	3	3	3	2	#	1	2	1	1
Near-poor	83	79	78	77	78	11	14	16	17	16	6	6	5	5	5	1	1	1	2	1
Nonpoor	77	74	75	71	70	10	12	12	14	14	11	11	10	12	12	3	3	3	3	4

Parents' highest level of education³
Less than high school diploma or GED	84	79	80	78	85	14	17	18	20	12	2	2	2	2	2	#	2	1	1	1
High school diploma or GED	84	82	80	79	80	11	12	14	16	15	5	5	4	4	4	1	1	1	1	1
Some college/vocational/technical	80	76	77	76	75	11	15	15	16	16	8	7	6	7	7	1	2	1	2	1
Bachelor's degree	76	71	72	69	71	9	13	13	14	15	12	13	13	14	12	3	3	3	3	2
Graduate/professional school	73	66	68	66	62	10	13	13	14	16	13	15	13	14	15	4	6	6	6	7

Family structure
Two parents	80	76	77	74	73	9	12	12	14	14	9	10	8	10	10	2	2	3	3	3
One parent	79	75	74	74	75	15	18	18	18	18	5	5	5	5	5	1	2	2	2	2
Nonparent guardians	84	80	73	75	73	14	15	22	20	23	2	2	4	4	4	1	3	1	2	1

Region
Northeast	78	74	74	74	72	9	13	14	12	13	11	9	9	11	11	2	4	4	4	3
South	82	79	78	76	75	11	13	14	16	14	5	6	6	6	8	2	2	2	2	2
Midwest	80	75	76	72	74	10	12	13	14	15	9	11	9	12	10	1	1	1	2	1
West	79	74	75	74	71	13	18	18	19	20	7	6	5	6	6	1	2	2	2	3

Locale
City	—	—	—	—	63	—	—	—	—	23	—	—	—	—	10	—	—	—	—	4
Suburb	—	—	—	—	75	—	—	—	—	12	—	—	—	—	11	—	—	—	—	2
Town	—	—	—	—	81	—	—	—	—	12	—	—	—	—	5	—	—	—	—	1
Rural	—	—	—	—	82	—	—	—	—	12	—	—	—	—	5	—	—	—	—	1	!
— Not available. Comparable variables are not available on the datafiles in the survey years noted. # Rounds to zero. ! Interpret data with caution; the estimates are unstable; coefficient of variation is 30 percent or more. ¹ Black includes African American, Pacific Islander includes Native Hawaiian, and Hispanic includes Latino. The Other race category includes students who are not Hispanic, who reported their race as either “American Indian or Alaska Native” or reported more than one race. Race categories exclude Hispanic origin unless specified. ² Poor students are defined as those with household incomes below 100 percent of the poverty threshold; near-poor students as those with household incomes from 100 through 199 percent of the poverty threshold; and nonpoor students as those with household incomes at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. ³ GED is General Educational Development. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES), 1993; School Safety and Discipline Survey of the NHES, 1993; Parent & Family Involvement in Education Survey of the NHES, 1996; Parent Survey of the NHES,1999; Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the NHES, 2003; and Parent and Family Involvement Survey of the NHES, 2007.