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Frank JohnsonIn FY 90, inflation-adjusted local and intermediate revenues amounted to $137 billion in the United States (table 4.a). These revenues had increased to $179.8 billion by FY 02, an increase of $42.8 billion, or 31 percent (table 4.b). Local and intermediate revenues increased the most in Nevada between FY 90 and FY 02 (133 percent). Five states experienced declines from FY 90 to FY 02, with Vermont showing the largest decrease (47 percent).
The annual percent change for local and intermediate revenues ranged from a decline of 1 percent to an increase of 4 percent during the period from FY 90 through FY 02 (figure 2-9). Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Washington experienced increases in local and intermediate revenues each year between FY 90 and FY 02 (table 4.b).
As illustrated in figure 2-10, inflation-adjusted local and intermediate revenues per pupil were $3,379 in FY 90 (table 4.c). That year, they ranged from a low of $861 in New Mexico to a high of $6,668 in New Jersey; they were $162 in Hawaii and $10,380 in the District of Columbia.16 By FY 02, local and intermediate revenues per pupil were $3,773, and ranged from a low of $1,129 in New Mexico to a high of $6,827 in New Jersey. Local and intermediate revenues per pupil were $191 in Hawaii and $12,541 in the District of Columbia in FY 02.
Between FY 90 and FY 02, local and intermediate revenues per pupil increased $394, or 12 percent (table 4.d). They increased most in Kentucky between these years (81 percent). Eleven states experienced declines in local and intermediate revenues between FY 90 and FY 02, with Vermont having the largest decrease (50 percent). The median percent change in local and intermediate revenues per pupil between FY 90 and FY 02 was 21 percent (derived from table 4.d).
Annual percent change ranged from a decline of 2 percent to an increase of 2 percent over the 13-year period. Maine, Pennsylvania, Washington, and West Virginia were the only states to experience increases in local and intermediate revenues per pupil each year from FY 90 through FY 02.
Local and intermediate revenues accounted for almost 47 percent of all revenue sources toward public elementary and secondary education in FY 90 (table 4.e). By FY 02, local and intermediate revenue sources had declined to almost 43 percent.
In FY 90, percentage of local and intermediate revenues ranged from a low of 15 percent in New Mexico to a high of 89 percent in New Hampshire; Hawaii received 3 percent of all revenues from local and intermediate revenues and the District of Columbia received 92 percent of all revenues from local and intermediate sources. By FY 02, the percentage of local and intermediate revenues ranged from a low of 14 percent in New Mexico to a high of 62 percent in Nevada; the percentage of local and intermediate revenues was 2 percent in Hawaii and 87 percent in the District of Columbia.17 In 12 states, districts received more than half of their funding from local and intermediate sources each year across the 13-year period (Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia).
