Table 8. Mean weekly out-of-pocket expense paid for weekly nonparental care arrangements that have any out-of-pocket cost for children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten, by child and family characteristics: 2005
Characteristic	Number of children (thousands)	Weekly out-of-pocket expense by type of nonparental care arrangement1
		Relative	Nonrelative	Center-based2
Total	8,265	$60.02	$105.18	$86.15
Child’s age
Less than 1 year	860	79.49	114.51	117.30
1-2 years	2,919	63.07	113.48	103.95
3-5 years	4,486	52.75	90.00	74.97
Child’s sex
Male	4,228	64.41	104.54	85.20
Female	4,037	55.73	105.86	87.13
Child’s race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	5,170	64.95	106.95	82.61
Black, non-Hispanic	1,177	43.04	94.04	84.69
Hispanic	1,193	64.90	91.10	94.60
Asian or Pacific Islander,   non-Hispanic	250	81.10	162.12	115.83
Other race, non-Hispanic3	476	69.38	127.09	95.29
Family type
Two parents	6,516	66.99	109.42	89.03
One parent	1,648	48.94	82.80	73.63
Nonparent guardian(s)	101	76.48	114.99	75.70
Parents’ language spoken most at home4
Both/only parent(s) speak(s) English	7,568	59.96	108.50	84.79
One of two parents speaks English	117	71.88	65.69	101.90
No parent speaks English	580	58.72	73.02	106.44
Mother’s level of education5
Less than a high school	250	66.53	62.76	40.27
High school/GED	1,649	50.95	71.39	64.02
Vocational/technical or some college	2,398	55.79	85.28	72.97
Bachelor’s degree	2,244	62.64	116.59	96.45
Graduate or professional education   or degree	1,556	102.57	149.97	113.11
Mother’s school enrollment status5
Enrolled	1,119	73.66	94.74	94.00
Not enrolled	6,978	57.13	106.79	84.86
Mother’s employment status5
35 or more hours per week	4,555	$64.01	$115.71	$109.43
Less than 35 hours per week	1,875	56.23	88.24	71.29
Looking for work	273	31.50!	61.59	71.16
Not in the labor force	1,393	74.28	95.41	48.44
Mother’s work shift5, 6
Regular shift	5,803	62.09	109.97	102.11
Variable shift	627	59.12	84.00	62.12
Neighborhood conditions7
Concern regarding neighborhood   health and safety conditions	1,256	54.32	130.01	86.51
No concern regarding neighborhood   health and safety conditions	7,009	61.41	101.13	86.08
Household income
$25,000 or less	1,423	39.51	62.47	59.07
$25,001 to $50,000	1,601	65.86	75.60	67.13
$50,001 to $75,000	1,937	65.06	86.29	81.49
$75,001 to $100,000	1,473	77.57	126.30	98.80
$100,001 or more	1,831	89.82	166.58	109.27
Poverty status8
At or above poverty threshold	7,240	68.79	110.20	89.85
Below poverty threshold	1,025	38.32	56.10	53.87
!Interpret data with caution; coefficient of variation is 50 percent or more. 1Estimates indicate out-of-pocket expenses per week for care of a given type, per child. For children with more than one arrangement of a given type, the expenses for each arrangement of that type are summed to calculate the total spent per week for that type of care. 2Center-based arrangements include day care centers, Head Start programs, preschools, prekindergartens, and other early childhood programs. 3"Other race, non-Hispanic" includes children who were multiracial and not of Hispanic ethnicity, or who were American Indian or Alaska Native, or were not Hispanic, White, Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander. 4Complete descriptions of the categories for parents’ language are as follows: (1) "Both/only parent(s) learned English as child(ren) or currently speak(s) English in the home," (2) "One of two parents learned English as a child or currently speaks English in the home," and (3) "No parent learned English as a child and both/only parent(s) currently speak(s) a non-English language in the home." 5Children without mothers living in the household are not included in estimates related to mother’s education, enrollment, employment status, or work shift. 6Work shifts were collapsed into two categories: regular and variable work shifts. A regular work shift is one with set hours. A variable shift is one that changes from days to evenings or nights regardless of whether the hours are set by the employer or the employee. 7Parents or guardians respond "yes" or "no" to the question: "Are there any conditions in your neighborhood that make you worried about the health or safety of ((CHILD)/any of the children) in your household?" 8Children are considered poor if they were living in households with incomes below the poverty threshold, which is a dollar amount determined by the federal government to meet the household’s needs, given its size and composition. NOTE: Estimates include children from birth through 5 years of age, and not yet in kindergarten who have at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement with out-of-pocket expense. Children for whom no fee was charged, for whom another source paid the entire fee for care, or for whom the period of time covered by the amount indicated (e.g., per hour, per week, etc.) could not be determined are excluded from the estimates. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES:2005).