Public and Private School Principle in the United States: A Statistical Profile, 1987-88 to 1993-94
Table B14.-Standard errors for Table A14: Percentage of public and private school principals
by sex, by field of study for bachelor's and higher degrees earned: 1987-88,
1990-91, and 1993-94
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Sex
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All Male Female
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Field of study 1987-88 1990-91 1993-94 1987-88 1990-91 1993-94 1987-88 1990-91 1993-94
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PUBLIC
Education areas
Early childhood 0.11 0.18 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.41 0.57 0.43
Elementary 0.50 0.61 0.64 0.63 0.85 0.77 1.02 1.47 1.43
Secondary 0.33 0.34 0.40 0.41 0.39 0.52 0.33 0.42 0.46
Subject area education
English 0.18 0.29 0.20 0.18 0.32 0.17 0.47 0.57 0.52
Industrial arts 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.22 0.22 0.19 0.11 0.08 0.08
Mathematics 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.20 0.13 0.22 0.22
Physical education 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.48 0.48 0.54 0.37 0.41 0.31
Science 0.15 0.17 0.22 0.19 0.25 0.29 0.20 0.15 0.20
Social studies 0.24 0.31 0.35 0.30 0.45 0.51 0.25 0.48 0.32
Home economics 0.07 0.11 0.13 - - 0.00 0.28 0.38 0.36
Other 0.39 0.51 0.50 0.41 0.48 0.55 0.98 1.16 1.03
Special education 0.22 0.34 0.30 0.24 0.32 0.22 0.65 0.82 0.72
Curriculum and instruction 0.35 0.41 0.32 0.31 0.42 0.36 0.87 0.89 0.80
Educational administration 0.64 0.76 0.74 0.65 0.99 0.70 1.22 1.39 1.55
Educational psychology 0.13 0.10 0.15 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.24 0.27 0.23
Counseling and guidance 0.29 0.28 0.36 0.39 0.30 0.46 0.65 0.63 0.59
Noneducation areas
General
English 0.18 0.32 0.26 0.19 0.24 0.23 0.43 0.85 0.57
Mathematics 0.06 0.18 0.15 0.01 0.25 0.17 0.00 0.20 0.22
Agriculture 0.17 - - 0.21 - - 0.19 - -
Military science 0.19 - - 0.20 - - 0.36 - -
Psychology - 0.18 0.32 - 0.18 0.42 - 0.40 0.40
Home economics 0.14 - - 0.17 - - 0.23 - -
Religion, theology 0.09 - - - - - 0.35 - -
Other 0.32 0.36 0.35 0.38 0.43 0.44 0.57 0.73 0.65
Foreign language 0.12 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.33 0.43 0.42
Natural science 0.31 0.24 0.24 0.39 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.43 0.40
Social science 0.48 0.46 0.46 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.70 0.68 0.77
PRIVATE
Education areas
Early childhood 0.47 0.43 0.31 0.36 0.11 0.12 0.78 0.84 0.59
Elementary 1.23 1.20 1.09 1.27 1.52 1.01 1.98 1.81 1.84
Secondary 0.64 0.48 0.47 0.92 0.75 0.82 0.73 0.74 0.52
Subject area education
English 0.42 0.41 0.28 0.54 0.30 0.32 0.70 0.75 0.50
Industrial arts - - - - - - - - -
Mathematics 0.30 0.32 0.26 0.46 0.50 0.48 0.38 0.46 0.21
Physical education 0.40 0.30 0.42 0.69 0.57 0.83 0.39 0.31 0.37
Science - 0.30 0.22 - 0.35 0.38 - 0.48 0.24
Social studies 0.35 0.45 0.42 0.54 0.58 0.71 0.44 0.74 0.58
Home economics - - - - - - - - -
Other 0.78 0.98 0.50 1.05 1.69 0.55 1.22 1.09 1.03
Special education 0.68 0.48 0.42 0.89 0.64 0.68 1.01 0.80 0.83
Curriculum and instruction 0.36 0.53 0.28 0.49 0.66 0.46 0.44 0.74 0.37
Educational administration 1.06 1.15 0.78 1.42 1.73 1.49 1.62 1.34 1.12
Educational psychology - 0.16 0.22 - 0.32 0.23 - 0.20 0.32
Counseling and guidance 0.30 0.40 0.29 0.47 0.65 0.36 0.40 0.53 0.41
Noneducation areas
General
English 0.64 0.54 0.38 0.80 0.52 0.63 0.86 0.82 0.49
Mathematics - 0.38 0.26 - 0.49 0.34 - 0.54 0.34
Agriculture 0.44 - - 0.63 - - 0.55 - -
Military science 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00 0.00
Psychology - 0.37 0.58 - 0.51 0.40 - 0.60 0.93
Home economics 0.83 - - 1.56 - - 0.97 - -
Religion, theology - 0.86 0.49 - 1.52 0.85 - 0.60 0.42
Other 0.96 0.66 0.85 1.69 1.03 1.24 1.01 0.81 1.03
Foreign language 0.29 0.28 0.18 0.35 0.22 0.29 0.52 0.54 0.32
Natural science 0.33 0.52 0.37 0.52 0.88 0.66 0.37 0.51 0.34
Social science 1.03 0.70 0.53 1.60 0.96 0.88 1.29 0.99 0.92
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-Too few cases for a reliable estimate.
NOTE: Multiple responses are possible because most principals have more than one degree.
Response options for fields of study varied slightly between 1987-88 and 1990-91 instruments.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, , Schools
and Staffing Survey: 1987-88 (School Administrator Questionnaire), 1990-91 (Public and
Private School Administrator Questionnaires), and 1993-94 (Public and Private School
Principal Questionnaires).
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