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Digest of Education Statistics
1999 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

Table 376  Summary of federal funds for research, development, and R & D plant: Fiscal years 1991 to 1999 [In millions of current dollars]

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                             |                              Actual                                        |            Estimate
                                                             |____________________________________________________________________________|________________________________
                            Item                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          | Percent
                                                             |   1991   |   1992   |   1993   |   1994   |   1995   |   1996   |   1997   |   1998   |   1999   | change,
                                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          | 1998 to
                                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |   1999
_____________________________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
                              1                              |    2     |    3     |    4     |    5     |    6     |    7     |    8     |    9     |    10    |    11
_____________________________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
Total outlays for research, development, and                 |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  R & D plant ...............................................|$64,292.3 |$65,719.0 |$68,385.8 |$68,335.9 |$68,410.0 |$67,756.1 |$70,892.0 |$71,780.3 |$73,150.4 |      1.9
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
   Research and development .................................| 61,130.4 | 62,934.5 | 65,241.3 | 66,158.8 | 66,374.6 | 65,909.9 | 68,897.2 | 69,849.2 | 71,111.5 |      1.8
   R & D plant ..............................................|  3,162.0 |  2,784.5 |  3,144.5 |  2,177.1 |  2,035.4 |  1,846.2 |  1,994.8 |  1,931.1 |  2,038.9 |      5.6
                                                             |==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========
Total obligations for research, development, and             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
  R & D plant ...............................................| 64,990.5 | 68,577.2 | 70,414.7 | 69,427.0 | 71,011.8 | 69,408.7 | 71,744.7 | 74,202.8 | 75,330.5 |      1.5
                                                             |==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========
  Research and development obligations ......................| 61,295.2 | 65,592.6 | 67,314.0 | 67,255.8 | 68,754.9 | 67,662.6 | 69,829.9 | 72,114.1 | 73,333.2 |      1.7
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
    Performers                                               |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
     Federal intramural\1\ ..................................| 15,238.1 | 15,690.1 | 16,556.2 | 16,139.1 | 17,342.7 | 16,596.4 | 16,720.0 | 17,097.6 | 17,463.3 |      2.1
     Industrial firms .......................................| 26,420.6 | 29,744.8 | 30,326.1 | 30,454.4 | 30,468.7 | 30,361.4 | 31,418.0 | 32,313.4 | 31,830.5 |     -1.5
     FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .............|  2,068.3 |  2,009.8 |  1,451.3 |  1,293.5 |  1,203.9 |  1,137.0 |  1,128.2 |  1,226.6 |  1,326.3 |      8.1
     Universities and colleges ..............................| 10,168.5 | 10,271.2 | 11,156.1 | 11,828.7 | 11,933.0 | 11,944.7 | 12,561.1 | 13,273.2 | 14,170.5 |      6.8
     FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ....|  3,603.8 |  3,855.5 |  3,666.5 |  3,292.9 |  3,574.3 |  3,447.7 |  3,701.1 |  3,570.6 |  3,894.4 |      9.1
     Other nonprofit institutions ...........................|  2,637.4 |  2,803.6 |  2,811.9 |  2,929.6 |  2,806.5 |  2,886.9 |  2,962.1 |  3,256.9 |  3,245.0 |     -0.4
     FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .......|    679.4 |    745.6 |    753.4 |    735.5 |    831.4 |    754.5 |    821.0 |    817.2 |    841.5 |      3.0
     State and local governments ............................|    215.1 |    184.1 |    320.3 |    325.4 |    316.5 |    246.7 |    261.1 |    310.3 |    328.1 |      5.7
     Foreign ................................................|    263.9 |    287.9 |    272.2 |    256.6 |    277.8 |    287.4 |    257.5 |    248.1 |    233.6 |     -5.9
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
    Research obligations ....................................| 23,968.4 | 24,490.6 | 26,890.5 | 27,440.4 | 28,573.4 | 28,265.1 | 29,365.6 | 31,470.5 | 32,992.4 |      4.8
      Performers                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
       Federal intramural\1\ ................................|  6,539.3 |  6,615.7 |  7,360.1 |  7,488.2 |  7,787.8 |  7,528.2 |  7,667.2 |  8,250.6 |  8,610.9 |      4.4
       Industrial firms .....................................|  3,406.5 |  3,451.2 |  4,018.9 |  4,063.5 |  4,727.9 |  4,291.3 |  4,392.1 |  5,004.4 |  4,785.8 |     -4.4
       FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms ...........|    624.6 |    592.4 |    795.8 |    737.2 |    818.0 |    696.2 |    759.6 |    803.7 |    849.6 |      5.7
       Universities and colleges ............................|  8,867.5 |  9,060.7 |  9,844.1 | 10,323.5 | 10,371.6 | 10,673.7 | 11,173.2 | 11,815.1 | 12,721.2 |      7.7
       FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ..|  2,160.9 |  2,351.8 |  2,347.6 |  2,181.1 |  2,235.6 |  2,386.0 |  2,598.9 |  2,665.3 |  2,955.0 |     10.9
       Other nonprofit institutions .........................|  1,925.9 |  2,049.6 |  2,041.3 |  2,094.9 |  2,056.1 |  2,179.5 |  2,294.9 |  2,426.2 |  2,559.9 |      5.5
       FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .....|    170.9 |    139.9 |    173.4 |    178.0 |    210.1 |    195.8 |    217.5 |    217.4 |    207.5 |     -4.6
       State and local governments ..........................|    129.3 |    109.3 |    211.8 |    230.8 |    221.4 |    187.4 |    144.0 |    168.8 |    184.3 |      9.2
       Foreign ..............................................|    143.4 |    120.0 |     97.4 |    143.3 |    144.8 |    126.8 |    118.1 |    119.0 |    118.3 |     -0.6
                                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
      Fields of science                                      |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
       Life sciences ........................................|  9,622.0 |  9,910.5 | 10,772.1 | 11,078.8 | 11,979.0 | 12,099.7 | 12,661.3 | 13,620.8 | 14,386.4 |      5.6
       Psychology ...........................................|    482.4 |    298.1 |    550.7 |    550.2 |    653.6 |    513.0 |    545.4 |    578.0 |    612.4 |      6.0
       Physical sciences ....................................|  4,235.3 |  4,439.2 |  4,427.0 |  6,792.7 |  4,851.2 |  3,964.4 |  4,148.7 |  4,335.0 |  4,577.9 |      5.6
       Environmental sciences ...............................|  2,149.8 |  2,207.6 |  2,608.5 |  2,032.0 |  2,722.9 |  2,997.0 |  3,045.7 |  3,287.6 |  3,261.0 |     -0.8
       Mathematics and computer sciences ....................|    903.7 |  1,150.3 |  1,225.4 |  1,242.3 |  1,667.9 |  1,554.1 |  1,671.8 |  1,830.9 |  2,254.9 |     23.2
       Engineering ..........................................|  4,944.5 |  4,977.0 |  5,499.4 |  4,023.3 |  4,952.7 |  5,679.6 |  5,690.3 |  6,090.0 |  6,023.0 |     -1.1
       Social sciences ......................................|    727.3 |    689.7 |    674.9 |    655.0 |    682.9 |    674.2 |    696.3 |    823.7 |    883.0 |      7.2
       Other sciences .......................................|    903.4 |    806.3 |  1,132.5 |  1,066.1 |  1,063.2 |    783.0 |    906.1 |    904.4 |    993.8 |      9.9
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
      Basic research obligations ............................| 12,170.8 | 12,489.9 | 13,399.1 | 13,552.9 | 13,895.5 | 14,462.4 | 14,942.2 | 15,861.5 | 16,913.8 |      6.6
        Performers                                           |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
         Federal intramural\1\ ..............................|  2,446.5 |  2,397.0 |  2,605.1 |  2,505.0 |  2,712.9 |  2,689.2 |  2,688.6 |  2,872.2 |  3,063.7 |      6.7
         Industrial firms ...................................|    949.9 |    920.3 |    959.2 |  1,109.1 |  1,221.2 |  1,131.0 |  1,166.7 |  1,373.9 |  1,279.1 |     -6.9
         FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .........|    209.1 |    187.8 |    237.3 |    237.6 |    239.1 |    272.8 |    294.7 |    324.0 |    335.6 |      3.6
         Universities and colleges ..........................|  6,064.5 |  6,331.8 |  6,798.5 |  7,024.2 |  6,951.3 |  7,406.1 |  7,695.8 |  8,067.0 |  8,763.0 |      8.6
         FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges |  1,306.2 |  1,394.1 |  1,437.8 |  1,336.0 |  1,438.3 |  1,522.0 |  1,600.0 |  1,584.5 |  1,754.9 |     10.8
         Other nonprofit institutions .......................|  1,015.5 |  1,097.2 |  1,164.9 |  1,125.7 |  1,134.2 |  1,235.2 |  1,289.6 |  1,400.6 |  1,476.2 |      5.4
         FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions ...|     80.8 |     65.5 |     71.3 |     73.9 |     75.2 |     76.5 |     88.4 |    113.2 |    105.3 |     -6.9
         State and local governments ........................|     49.1 |     42.4 |     71.7 |     75.2 |     78.7 |     80.2 |     68.4 |     72.7 |     80.6 |     10.7
         Foreign ............................................|     49.1 |     53.8 |     53.3 |     66.1 |     44.5 |     49.5 |     49.9 |     53.4 |     55.5 |      3.8
                                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
        Fields of science                                    |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
         Life sciences ......................................|  5,433.6 |  5,841.7 |  6,288.8 |  6,429.8 |  6,746.7 |  6,911.0 |  7,203.8 |  7,687.6 |  8,322.2 |      8.3
         Psychology .........................................|    225.5 |    122.6 |    246.8 |    247.4 |    279.8 |    281.5 |    293.9 |    303.9 |    332.3 |      9.3
         Physical sciences ..................................|  2,881.5 |  2,951.4 |  2,907.1 |  3,649.2 |  2,709.3 |  2,901.7 |  2,976.4 |  3,126.6 |  3,304.9 |      5.7
         Environmental sciences .............................|  1,263.5 |  1,303.6 |  1,533.5 |    997.2 |  1,410.7 |  1,531.2 |  1,543.5 |  1,640.9 |  1,675.5 |      2.1
         Mathematics and computer sciences ..................|    426.1 |    481.4 |    511.3 |    503.6 |    626.1 |    622.0 |    661.4 |    699.8 |    786.7 |     12.4
         Engineering ........................................|  1,233.7 |  1,249.8 |  1,207.4 |  1,061.7 |  1,432.2 |  1,606.6 |  1,583.0 |  1,696.4 |  1,712.8 |      1.0
         Social sciences ....................................|    161.4 |    139.9 |    194.1 |    191.7 |    210.8 |    230.0 |    221.0 |    238.5 |    265.8 |     11.4
         Other sciences .....................................|    545.6 |    399.4 |    510.1 |    472.4 |    479.9 |    378.3 |    459.3 |    467.8 |    513.7 |      9.8
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
      Applied research obligations ..........................| 11,797.6 | 12,000.7 | 13,491.4 | 13,887.5 | 14,677.9 | 13,802.7 | 14,423.4 | 15,609.0 | 16,078.6 |      3.0
        Performers                                           |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
         Federal intramural\1\ ..............................|  4,092.8 |  4,218.7 |  4,755.0 |  4,983.2 |  5,074.9 |  4,839.0 |  4,978.7 |  5,378.4 |  5,547.2 |      3.1
         Industrial firms ...................................|  2,456.6 |  2,530.9 |  3,059.7 |  2,954.4 |  3,506.7 |  3,160.3 |  3,225.5 |  3,630.5 |  3,506.7 |     -3.4
         FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .........|    415.5 |    404.6 |    558.6 |    499.6 |    578.9 |    423.4 |    464.9 |    479.8 |    514.0 |      7.1
         Universities and colleges ..........................|  2,803.0 |  2,728.9 |  3,045.5 |  3,299.3 |  3,420.3 |  3,267.6 |  3,477.4 |  3,748.1 |  3,958.1 |      5.6
         FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges |    854.7 |    957.6 |    909.8 |    845.1 |    797.3 |    864.0 |    998.8 |  1,080.8 |  1,200.1 |     11.0
         Other nonprofit institutions .......................|    910.4 |    952.5 |    876.4 |    969.2 |    921.9 |    944.3 |  1,005.3 |  1,025.6 |  1,083.7 |      5.7
         FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions ...|     90.1 |     74.5 |    102.2 |    104.0 |    134.9 |    119.4 |    129.2 |    104.2 |    102.2 |     -2.0
         State and local governments ........................|     80.2 |     66.9 |    140.1 |    155.5 |    142.7 |    107.3 |     75.5 |     96.1 |    103.8 |      8.0
         Foreign ............................................|     94.3 |     66.2 |     44.1 |     77.2 |    100.3 |     77.4 |     68.2 |     65.5 |     62.8 |     -4.1
                                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
        Fields of science                                    |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
         Life sciences ......................................|  4,188.4 |  4,068.8 |  4,483.3 |  4,649.0 |  5,232.3 |  5,188.7 |  5,457.6 |  5,933.2 |  6,064.2 |      2.2
         Psychology .........................................|    258.9 |    175.6 |    303.9 |    302.9 |    373.9 |    231.5 |    251.5 |    274.1 |    280.1 |      2.2
         Physical sciences ..................................|  1,353.9 |  1,467.7 |  1,519.8 |  3,143.5 |  2,141.9 |  1,062.7 |  1,172.4 |  1,208.4 |  1,273.0 |      5.3
         Environmental sciences .............................|    886.3 |    904.0 |  1,075.0 |  1,034.8 |  1,312.3 |  1,465.8 |  1,502.2 |  1,646.7 |  1,585.5 |     -3.7
         Mathematics and computer sciences ..................|    477.6 |    678.9 |    714.1 |    738.7 |  1,041.7 |    932.1 |  1,010.5 |  1,131.1 |  1,468.3 |     29.8
         Engineering ........................................|  3,710.8 |  3,727.1 |  4,292.0 |  2,961.6 |  3,520.5 |  4,073.0 |  4,107.3 |  4,393.6 |  4,310.2 |     -1.9
         Social sciences ....................................|    566.0 |    549.8 |    480.8 |    463.3 |    472.0 |    444.2 |    475.3 |    585.2 |    617.2 |      5.5
         Other sciences .....................................|    357.8 |    406.8 |    622.4 |    593.8 |    583.3 |    404.7 |    446.8 |    436.6 |    480.2 |     10.0
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
    Development obligations .................................| 37,326.8 | 41,102.0 | 40,423.5 | 39,815.4 | 40,181.4 | 39,397.5 | 40,464.3 | 40,643.6 | 40,340.8 |     -0.7
      Performers                                             |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
       Federal intramural\1\ ................................|  8,698.8 |  9,074.4 |  9,196.2 |  8,650.9 |  9,554.9 |  9,068.1 |  9,052.7 |  8,847.1 |  8,852.3 |      0.1
       Industrial firms .....................................| 23,014.1 | 26,293.6 | 26,307.2 | 26,390.9 | 25,740.7 | 26,070.1 | 27,025.8 | 27,309.0 | 27,044.7 |     -1.0
       FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms ...........|  1,443.7 |  1,417.4 |    655.5 |    556.3 |    385.9 |    440.7 |    368.6 |    422.9 |    476.7 |     12.7
       Universities and colleges ............................|  1,301.0 |  1,210.6 |  1,312.0 |  1,505.2 |  1,561.4 |  1,271.0 |  1,387.9 |  1,458.1 |  1,449.4 |     -0.6
       FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ..|  1,442.9 |  1,503.7 |  1,318.9 |  1,111.8 |  1,338.7 |  1,061.6 |  1,102.1 |    905.3 |    939.4 |      3.8
       Other nonprofit institutions .........................|    711.5 |    753.9 |    770.6 |    834.8 |    750.4 |    707.4 |    667.2 |    830.7 |    685.1 |    -17.5
       FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .....|    508.5 |    605.7 |    580.0 |    557.6 |    621.3 |    558.7 |    603.4 |    599.8 |    634.1 |      5.7
       State and local governments ..........................|     85.8 |     74.8 |    108.5 |     94.7 |     95.1 |     59.3 |    117.1 |    141.5 |    143.8 |      1.6
       Foreign ..............................................|    120.5 |    167.9 |    174.8 |    113.3 |    133.0 |    160.5 |    139.3 |    129.2 |    115.3 |    -10.7
                                                             |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
  R & D plant obligations ...................................|  3,695.4 |  2,984.6 |  3,100.7 |  2,171.2 |  2,256.9 |  1,746.1 |  1,914.8 |  2,088.8 |  1,997.3 |     -4.4
    Performers                                               |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |
     Federal intramural\1\ ..................................|    461.1 |    506.2 |    432.0 |    392.6 |    482.6 |    405.1 |    608.3 |    819.8 |    582.3 |    -29.0
     Industrial firms .......................................|  1,889.2 |  1,014.4 |  1,048.2 |    746.8 |    696.6 |    465.4 |    389.8 |    381.5 |    369.8 |     -3.1
     FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .............|    279.6 |    202.2 |    124.4 |    119.4 |     95.1 |     43.9 |     60.5 |     36.6 |    196.8 |    437.5
     Universities and colleges ..............................|    253.3 |    241.5 |    361.4 |    209.0 |    323.8 |    243.1 |    238.6 |    180.1 |    173.1 |     -3.9
     FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ....|    624.6 |    579.5 |    619.5 |    608.8 |    543.9 |    497.8 |    548.8 |    634.8 |    643.4 |      1.4
     Other nonprofit institutions ...........................|    154.6 |    393.9 |    415.6 |     20.9 |     25.6 |     23.4 |     16.7 |     16.4 |     15.8 |     -3.8
     FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .......|     19.7 |     46.3 |     65.5 |     72.9 |     62.6 |     66.1 |     52.0 |     19.5 |     15.9 |    -18.3
     State and local governments ............................|      0.6 |      0.5 |      0.5 |      0.8 |      0.5 |      1.0 |      --- |      --- |      --- |      ---
     Foreign ................................................|     12.8 |      0.0 |     33.4 |      0.2 |     26.1 |      0.5 |      0.1 |      0.1 |      0.1 |      0.0
_____________________________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________

\1\Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance.
\2\Federally funded research and development centers.
---Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.--Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, various years. (This table was prepared June 1999.)


1999 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest