Total public direct expenditures for education as a percentage of gross domestic product, by level of education: Selected countries, 1985 to 1994

Table 413. -

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
               |        All levels\1\                  |    Primary education        |      Secondary education    |       Higher education
    Country    |_______________________________________|_____________________________|_____________________________|_______________________________
               |1985|1988|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|1994|1985|1990|1991|1992|1993|1994|1985|1990|1991|1992|1993|1994|1985|1990 |1991 |1992|1993|1994
_______________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|_____|_____|____|____|____
       1       | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  |  9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |  23 |  24 | 25 | 26 | 27
_______________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|_____|_____|____|____|____
Australia .....|5.4 |4.8 |--- |--- |4.4 |4.6 |4.7 |4.4 |1.6 |--- |--- |--- |1.5 |1.4 |1.9 |--- |2.4 |2.8 |2.0 |1.8 |1.7 |---  | 1.9 |1.5 |1.1 |1.1
Austria .......|5.6 |5.5 |5.3 |5.2 |5.3 |5.6 |5.3 |--- |1.0 |0.9 |1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |--- |2.7 |2.5 |2.5 |2.6 |2.5 |--- |1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 |1.1 |1.0 |---
Belgium .......|6.3 |5.5 |5.6 |5.1 |5.3 |5.3 |5.5 |5.5 |1.1 |0.9 |0.9 |1.0 |1.1 |1.2 |2.9 |2.2 |2.3 |2.2 |2.5 |2.6 |1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 |0.6 |1.0 |1.0
Denmark .......|6.2 |6.4 |6.4 |6.2 |6.1 |6.1 |6.7 |6.5 |1.8 |1.7 |--- |1.4 |1.5 |1.5 |2.9 |2.7 |--- |2.6 |2.9 |2.8 |1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 |1.3 |1.3 |1.4
France ........|--- |--- |5.0 |5.0 |5.2 |5.4 |5.6 |5.6 |--- |1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |1.1 |1.1 |--- |2.4 |2.5 |2.7 |2.9 |2.9 |--- | 0.7 | 0.8 |0.8 |0.9 |0.9
               |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |     |     |    |    |
Germany\2\ ....|4.6 |4.3 |--- |--- |--- |--- |4.5 |4.5 |0.6 |--- |--- |--- |0.7 |0.8 |2.2 |--- |--- |--- |2.3 |2.1 |1.0 |---  |---  |--- |0.9 |0.9
Ireland .......|5.6 |5.4 |5.0 |4.9 |5.1 |5.0 |5.1 |5.1 |1.6 |1.4 |1.5 |1.4 |1.4 |1.4 |2.3 |2.0 |2.1 |2.0 |2.1 |2.2 |0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |1.0
Italy .........|4.7 |4.9 |5.0 |5.2 |--- |5.0 |5.0 |4.6 |1.2 |1.1 |--- |1.1 |1.1 |1.1 |2.1 |2.2 |--- |2.3 |2.4 |2.2 |0.6 | 1.0 |---  |0.8 |0.8 |0.7
Japan  ........|--- |3.6 |3.5 |3.4 |3.4 |3.5 |3.6 |3.8 |--- |--- |--- |1.3 |1.4 |1.4 |--- |--- |--- |1.4 |1.5 |1.6 |--- |---  |---  |0.3 |0.4 |0.5
Luxembourg ....|--- |5.2 |5.0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |---  |---  |--- |--- |---
               |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |     |     |    |    |
Netherlands ...|6.2 |6.1 |5.7 |5.7 |--- |4.6 |4.6 |4.5 |1.6 |1.3 |--- |1.1 |1.2 |1.2 |2.5 |2.2 |--- |1.8 |1.8 |1.8 |1.5 | 1.6 | --- |1.2 |1.2 |1.2
New Zealand ...|--- |4.8 |5.9 |6.2 |6.3 |5.9 |5.8 |5.4 |--- |1.6 |1.5 |1.3 |1.6 |1.5 |--- |1.5 |1.4 |1.9 |2.6 |2.4 |--- | 2.2 | 1.8 |1.4 |1.2 |1.1
Norway ........|5.1 |5.9 |5.9 |5.9 |6.1 |6.8 |6.8 |6.9 |1.6 |1.5 |1.5 |1.6 |1.5 |2.5 |2.5 |2.4 |2.5 |2.9 |2.4 |1.6 |0.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 |1.3 |1.3 |1.4
Portugal ......|--- |4.0 |4.0 |--- |4.9 |--- |5.4 |5.3 |--- |--- |2.0 |--- |2.0 |1.8 |--- |--- |1.8 |--- |1.9 |2.1 |--- |---  | 0.8 |--- |0.8 |0.8
Spain .........|3.6 |3.9 |4.1 |4.3 |4.4 |4.4 |4.5 |4.8 |1.1 |1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |1.8 |2.3 |2.3 |2.3 |2.4 |2.5 |0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 |0.8 |0.8 |0.8
               |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |     |     |    |    |
Sweden ........|--- |5.5 |5.2 |5.3 |5.9 |6.5 |6.6 |6.6 |--- |1.9 |2.1 |1.9 |2.0 |2.0 |--- |2.3 |2.6 |2.4 |2.6 |2.5 |--- | 1.0 | 1.1 |1.0 |1.4 |1.5
Switzerland ...|4.9 |5.0 |--- |--- |5.4 |5.2 |5.5 |5.5 |2.7 |--- |1.4 |1.2 |1.6 |1.6 |1.3 |--- |2.3 |2.6 |2.5 |2.5 |0.9 |---  | 1.2 |1.1 |1.1 |1.1
Turkey ........|--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |3.3 |3.3 |--- |--- |--- |--- |1.7 |1.4 |--- |--- |--- |--- |0.8 |0.7 |--- |---  |---  |--- |0.8 |1.2
United Kingdom |4.9 |4.5 |4.4 |4.7 |4.8 |4.7 |4.6 |4.6 |1.1 |1.2 |1.3 |1.5 |1.6 |1.6 |2.0 |2.1 |2.1 |2.3 |2.3 |2.2 |1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 |0.8 |0.7 |0.7
United States .|4.7 |4.9 |4.8 |5.3 |5.5 |5.0 |5.0 |4.8 |1.4 |1.7 |1.8 |1.8 |1.8 |1.6 |1.8 |1.9 |1.9 |1.8 |1.9 |--- |1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 |1.2 |1.2 |1.1
_______________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|_____|_____|____|____|____

\1\Includes primary, secondary, and higher education and other expenditures not classified by level of education.
\2\Data prior to 1991 are for the former West Germany.
---Data not available.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, unpublished data. (This table was prepared July 1998.)

Download this table as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (66 KB)
Download this table in PDF format (12 KB)

1998 Tables and Figures

All Years of Tables and Figures

Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest