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Digest of Education Statistics
2015 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 605.20. Public and private direct expenditures on education institutions as a percentage of gross domestic product, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2012
Country All institutions Elementary and secondary institutions
(excludes preprimary unless otherwise noted)
Higher education institutions
Public direct expenditures1 (includes preprimary education, not separately shown) Direct expenditures, 2012 Public direct expenditures1 Direct expenditures, 2012 Public direct expenditures1 Direct expenditures, 2012
2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 Public1 Private Total 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 Public1 Private Total 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 Public1 Private Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
OECD average2 4.9   5.0 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.7   0.6   5.3   3.4   3.5   3.7   3.7   3.5   3.5   0.2   3.7   1.0   1.0   1.1   1.1   1.1   1.1   0.4   1.5  
Australia 4.6   4.3 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3   1.3   5.6   3.7   3.4   3.6   3.7   3.5   3.4   0.6   4.0   0.8   0.8   0.7   0.8   0.7   0.9   0.7   1.6  
Austria 5.4 3 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.5 4.9   0.0   4.9   3.7 3 3.5   3.8   3.5   3.5   3.1   0.0   3.1   1.2 3 1.2   1.4   1.5   1.4   1.7   0.0   1.7  
Belgium 5.1   5.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 5.9   0.0   5.9   3.4 4 3.9   4.3   4.3   4.3   4.3   0.0   4.3   1.2 4 1.2   1.4   1.4   1.3   1.4   0.0   1.4  
Canada 5.2   4.8 5.0 5.2 4.7       3.3 5 3.3 6,7 3.4 6,7 3.6 6,7 3.2 6,7       1.6 5 1.5   1.5   1.6   1.5        
Chile 4.2   3.3 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.9 8 2.2 8 6.1 8 3.2   2.7   3.3   2.9   2.7   2.8 8 0.8 8 3.6 8 0.6   0.3   0.3   0.8   0.7   1.0 8 1.5 8 2.5 8
                                                                                         
Czech Republic 4.2   4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.0   0.4   4.4   2.8 4 2.7   2.6   2.6   2.6   2.6   0.2   2.8   0.8 4 0.8   1.0   1.0   1.2   1.2   0.2   1.4  
Denmark 6.4 3 6.8 7.5 7.6 7.5       4.1 3,9 4.4 9 4.7 9 4.7 9 4.3 9 4.7   0.0   4.7   1.5 3,9 1.6 9 1.8 9 1.8 9 1.8 9      
Estonia   4.7 5.9 5.6 5.2 4.7   0.1   4.9     3.5   4.1   3.9   3.3   3.2   0.0   3.2     0.9   1.3   1.3   1.4   1.4   0.2   1.6  
Finland 5.5   5.9 6.3 6.4 6.3 5.7   0.1   5.8   3.5   3.8   4.1   4.1   4.1   3.9   0.0   3.9   1.7   1.7   1.8   1.9   1.9   1.8   0.1   1.8  
France 5.7   5.6 5.8 5.8 5.6 4.9   0.4   5.3   4.0   3.8   3.8 7 3.8 7 3.7 7 3.6 7 0.2 7 3.8 7 1.0   1.1   1.3   1.3   1.3   1.3   0.2   1.4  
                                                                                         
Germany 4.3   4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3   0.1   4.4   2.9   2.8   2.9     2.8   2.9   0.2   3.1   1.0   0.9   1.1     1.1   1.2   0.0   1.2  
Greece 3.7 3 4.0       2.7 3,6 2.5 6             0.9 3 1.4              
Hungary 4.4   5.1 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.6   0.5   4.1   2.8   3.3   3.0   2.8   2.6   2.6   0.1   2.6   0.9   0.9   1.0   0.8   1.0   0.8   0.4   1.2  
Iceland 5.7 3 7.2 7.3 7.0 6.9 5.9   0.5   6.4   4.6 3 5.2 9 5.0   4.7   4.7   4.5   0.2   4.7   0.8 3 1.1 9 1.2   1.1   1.1   1.1   0.1   1.2  
Ireland 4.1   4.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.2   0.4   5.6   2.9 4 3.3   4.6   4.6   4.4   4.2   0.2   4.4   1.2 4 1.0   1.4   1.3   1.2   1.0   0.2   1.3  
                                                                                         
Israel 6.6   6.2 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.1   1.3   6.5   4.5   4.2   3.8   4.0   3.8   4.0   0.4   4.4   1.1   1.0   1.0   1.0   0.9   0.9   0.7   1.6  
Italy7 4.5   4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.7 10 0.2 10 3.9 10 3.2   3.2   3.3   3.1   3.0   2.9   0.1   3.0   0.7   0.6   0.8   0.8   0.8   0.8 10 0.1 10 0.9 10
Japan 3.5   3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5   1.5   5.0   2.7 9 2.6 9 2.7 9 2.8 9 2.7 9 2.7 9 0.2 9 2.9 9 0.5 9 0.5 9 0.5 9 0.5 9 0.5 9 0.5 9 1.0 9 1.5 9
Korea, Republic of 4.3   4.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.7   2.0   6.7   3.3   3.4   3.6   3.4   3.4   3.2   0.5   3.7   0.6   0.6   0.7   0.7   0.7   0.8   1.5   2.3  
Luxembourg   3.7   0.0   3.7     3.7 6,7 3.2 7 3.4 7 3.3 7 3.3   0.0   3.3             0.4   0.0   0.4  
                                                                                         
Mexico 4.7   5.3 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.6   0.8   5.4   3.3   3.7   3.3   3.4   3.3   3.4   0.5   3.9   0.8   0.9   1.0   1.0   0.9   1.0   0.4   1.3  
Netherlands 4.3   4.6 5.3 5.4 5.3 4.9   0.6   5.5   3.0   3.3   3.7   3.7   3.6   3.5   0.3   3.8   1.0   1.0   1.2   1.3   1.3   1.4   0.3   1.7  
New Zealand 5.8   5.2 6.1 6.0 6.3 5.4   1.5   6.9   4.6   4.0   4.5   4.4   4.8   4.2   0.8   5.0   0.9   0.9   1.1   1.0   1.0   1.2   0.7   1.9  
Norway 5.8   5.7 6.1 7.5 7.3 6.5   0.0   6.5   3.6   3.8   4.2   5.1   4.9   4.6 11 0.0 11 4.6 11 1.2   1.3   1.3   1.6   1.6   1.6 11 0.0 11 1.6 11
Poland 5.2 3 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.4   0.4   4.8   3.7 3 3.7   3.5   3.4   3.2   3.2   0.2   3.4   0.8 3 1.2   1.1   1.0   1.0   1.2   0.1   1.3  
                                                                                         
Portugal 5.6 3 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.0   0.9   5.9   4.1 3 3.8 7 4.0 7 3.9 7 3.7 7 3.9 9 0.5 9 4.5 9 1.0 3 0.9   1.0   1.0   1.0   0.9 9 0.4 9 1.3 9
Slovak Republic 4.0 3 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5   0.3   3.8   2.7 3,4,11 2.5 11 2.7 11 2.8 11 2.5 11 2.5 11 0.2 11 2.7 11 0.7 3,4,11 0.7 11 0.7 9,11 0.7 11 0.8 11 1.0 11 0.1 11 1.0 11
Slovenia   5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 4.7   0.2   4.9     3.9   3.6   3.6   3.5   3.5   0.2   3.7     1.0   1.1   1.1   1.1   1.2   0.0   1.2  
Spain 4.3   4.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 3.8   0.5   4.3   3.1   2.7   3.1   3.0   2.9   2.8   0.3   3.1   0.9   0.9   1.1   1.1   1.0   1.0   0.2   1.2  
Sweden 6.3   6.2 6.6 6.3 6.2 5.2   0.2   5.4   4.4 4 4.2   4.2   4.0   3.9   3.7   0.0   3.7   1.5 4 1.5   1.6   1.6   1.6   1.5   0.2   1.7  
                                                                                         
Switzerland 5.3   5.6 5.5 5.2 5.2 4.9   0.0   4.9   3.8   3.9   3.8   3.6   3.6   3.5   0.0   3.5   1.2   1.4   1.4   1.3   1.3   1.2   0.0   1.2  
Turkey 3.4 3 3.8   0.6   4.4   2.4 3     2.5     2.6   0.4   3.0   1.0 3         1.2   0.2   1.4  
United Kingdom 4.5   5.0 5.3 5.9 5.6 5.2   1.0   6.3   3.4   3.8   4.5   4.8   4.4   4.0   0.5   4.5   0.7   0.9   0.6   0.7   0.9   1.2   0.6   1.8  
United States5 4.6   4.9 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.7   1.7   6.4   3.5   3.6   3.8   3.7   3.4   3.3   0.3   3.6   0.8   1.0   1.1   1.0   0.9   1.4   1.4   2.8  
                                                                                         
Other reporting                                                                                        
countries                                                                                        
Argentina 4.5 3 6.0 5.8 6.2       3.2 3   4.4   4.2   4.5         0.8 3   1.1   1.1   1.2        
Brazil 4.1 3 4.4 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.6   0.0   5.6   2.9 3 3.3   4.3   4.3   4.4   4.6   0.0   4.6   0.8 3 0.8   0.8   0.9   0.9   0.9   0.0   0.9  
Colombia   4.9 8 1.9 8 6.8 8           3.6 8 0.9 8 4.5 8           0.9 8 1.0 8 1.9 8
Indonesia 1.5 3,4 3.0 3.3 8 0.4 8 3.7 8 1.1 3,4     2.0     2.3 8 0.2 8 2.5 8 0.4 3,4     0.5     0.6 8 0.2 8 0.8 8
Latvia   3.9   0.3   4.2             2.9   0.0   2.8             1.0   0.3   1.4  
Russian Federation 3.0 3 3.8 4.7 4.1 3.9 3.4   0.6   4.0   1.7   1.9   2.3   2.0   2.0   2.2   0.1   2.3   0.5   0.8   1.2   1.0   0.9   0.9   0.5   1.4  
South Africa   6.0                 4.7                 0.7      
—Not available.
1 Unless otherwise noted, includes public subsidies to households for payments to education institutions and direct expenditures on education institutions from international sources.
2 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year.
3 Excludes public subsidies to households.
4 Direct expenditures on education institutions from international sources exceed 1.5 percent of all public expenditures.
5 Postsecondary non-higher-education included in higher education.
6 Includes preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older).
7 Excludes postsecondary non-higher-education.
8 Data are for 2013 instead of 2012.
9 Postsecondary non-higher-education included in both secondary and higher education.
10 Excludes occupation-specific education corresponding to that offered at the vocational associate's degree level in the United States.
11 Occupation-specific education corresponding to that offered at the vocational associate's degree level in the United States is included in elementary and secondary education instead of in higher education.
NOTE: Public direct expenditures on education include both amounts spent directly by governments to hire education personnel and to procure other resources, and amounts provided by governments to public or private institutions. Private direct expenditures exclude public subsidies that are used for payments to education institutions. Postsecondary non-higher-education is included in elementary and secondary education unless otherwise noted. Data for "all institutions" include expenditures that could not be reported by level of education. Data for 2011 and earlier years were calculated using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 1997 classification. Data for 2012 used the ISCED 2011 classification and may not be comparable to data for earlier years. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database; and Education at a Glance, selected years, 2003 through 2015. (This table was prepared December 2015.)

2015 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest