Table 314.10.

Total and full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and FTE student/FTE staff ratios in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by degree-granting status, control of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 1991, fall 2001, and fall 2011

Degree-granting status, control of institution, and primary occupation	Fall 1991				Fall 2001				Fall 2011
	Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)		Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)		Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)
	Number	Percent	Total	FTE students per FTE staff	Number	Percent	Total	FTE students per FTE staff	Number	Percent	Total	FTE students per FTE staff
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
All postsecondary institutions	2,591,896	100.0	2,131,463	4.9	3,134,008	100.0	2,476,887	4.9	3,920,836	100.0	3,024,572	5.4
Professional staff	1,633,066	63.0	1,273,795	8.1	2,170,237	69.2	1,628,322	7.4	2,986,568	76.2	2,196,507	7.5
Executive/administrative/managerial	149,630	5.8	146,460	70.7	156,088	5.0	153,008	79.1	248,982	6.4	244,773	66.9
Faculty (instruction/research   public service)	853,687	32.9	652,252	15.9	1,138,734	36.3	800,870	15.1	1,565,504	39.9	1,046,421	15.6
Graduate assistants	197,813	7.6	81,495	127.1	261,261	8.3	107,999	112.1	355,916	9.1	147,617	110.9
Other professionals	431,936	16.7	393,589	26.3	614,154	19.6	566,446	21.4	816,166	20.8	757,696	21.6
Nonprofessional staff	958,830	37.0	857,668	12.1	963,771	30.8	848,565	14.3	934,268	23.8	828,065	19.8
Degree-granting institutions1
Total	2,545,235	100.0	2,094,628	4.9	3,083,353	100.0	2,436,473	4.8	3,840,980	100.0	2,961,224	5.4
Professional staff	1,595,460	62.7	1,244,588	8.3	2,132,150	69.2	1,598,710	7.4	2,923,961	76.1	2,147,560	7.4
Executive/administrative/managerial	144,755	5.7	141,718	73.1	152,038	4.9	149,051	78.9	238,718	6.2	234,895	67.6
Faculty (instruction/research   public service)	826,252	32.5	632,565	16.4	1,113,183	36.1	783,036	15.0	1,523,615	39.7	1,017,020	15.6
Graduate assistants	197,751	7.8	81,467	127.2	261,136	8.5	107,943	109.0	355,916	9.3	147,617	107.6
Other professionals	426,702	16.8	388,838	26.6	605,793	19.6	558,680	21.1	805,712	21.0	748,028	21.2
Nonprofessional staff	949,775	37.3	850,040	12.2	951,203	30.8	837,763	14.0	917,019	23.9	813,664	19.5
Public	1,783,328	100.0	1,449,398	5.4	2,136,970	100.0	1,660,294	5.2	2,484,820	100.0	1,891,866	5.8
Professional staff	1,133,264	63.5	868,112	9.1	1,477,953	69.2	1,083,384	8.0	1,865,269	75.1	1,348,674	8.1
Executive/administrative/managerial	84,446	4.7	82,835	94.9	82,811	3.9	80,942	106.7	112,473	4.5	110,609	99.0
Faculty (instruction/research   public service)	580,908	32.6	446,113	17.6	771,124	36.1	539,581	16.0	953,230	38.4	645,542	17.0
Graduate assistants	173,560	9.7	70,707	111.2	219,475	10.3	89,412	96.6	285,905	11.5	116,475	94.0
Other professionals	294,350	16.5	268,458	29.3	404,543	18.9	373,449	23.1	513,661	20.7	476,047	23.0
Nonprofessional staff	650,064	36.5	581,286	13.5	659,017	30.8	576,910	15.0	619,551	24.9	543,192	20.2
Private, nonprofit	742,924	100.0	630,445	3.6	880,586	100.0	728,910	3.6	1,118,046	100.0	908,455	3.7
Professional staff	447,795	60.3	365,487	6.3	598,857	68.0	477,076	5.6	843,740	75.5	658,560	5.0
Executive/administrative/managerial	58,023	7.8	56,634	40.5	63,749	7.2	62,671	42.3	104,010	9.3	102,228	32.5
Faculty (instruction/research   public service)	236,066	31.8	180,348	12.7	306,487	34.8	223,400	11.9	432,733	38.7	306,604	10.8
Graduate assistants	24,054	3.2	10,700	214.6	39,954	4.5	17,772	149.3	69,376	6.2	30,859	107.6
Other professionals	129,652	17.5	117,805	19.5	188,667	21.4	173,233	15.3	237,621	21.3	218,868	15.2
Nonprofessional staff	295,129	39.7	264,958	8.7	281,729	32.0	251,834	10.5	274,306	24.5	249,895	13.3
Private, for-profit	18,983	100.0	14,786	13.6	65,797	100.0	47,270	10.0	238,114	100.0	160,903	10.0
Professional staff	14,401	75.9	10,989	18.4	55,340	84.1	38,251	12.4	214,952	90.3	140,326	11.5
Executive/administrative/managerial	2,286	12.0	2,249	89.7	5,478	8.3	5,438	87.0	22,235	9.3	22,057	73.3
Faculty (instruction/research   public service)	9,278	48.9	6,104	33.1	35,572	54.1	20,055	23.6	137,652	57.8	64,873	24.9
Graduate assistants	137	0.7	61	3,310.7	1,707	2.6	759	622.8	635	0.3	282	5,721.9
Other professionals	2,700	14.2	2,575	78.4	12,583	19.1	11,998	39.4	54,430	22.9	53,113	30.4
Nonprofessional staff	4,582	24.1	3,797	53.1	10,457	15.9	9,019	52.4	23,162	9.7	20,577	78.5
Non-degree-granting institutions2
Total	46,661	100.0	36,834	8.2	50,655	100.0	40,414	8.3	79,856	100.0	63,348	7.6
Professional staff	37,606	80.6	29,207	10.4	38,087	75.2	29,611	11.4	62,607	78.4	48,947	9.8
Executive/administrative/managerial	4,875	10.4	4,742	63.8	4,050	8.0	3,957	85.2	10,264	12.9	9,878	48.8
Faculty (instruction/research   public service)	27,435	58.8	19,687	15.4	25,551	50.4	17,834	18.9	41,889	52.5	29,401	16.4
Graduate assistants	62	0.1	28	10,964.2	125	0.2	55	6,098.1	0	0.0	0	†
Other professionals	5,234	11.2	4,750	63.7	8,361	16.5	7,765	43.4	10,454	13.1	9,668	49.9
Nonprofessional staff	9,055	19.4	7,627	39.6	12,568	24.8	10,802	31.2	17,249	21.6	14,400	33.5

†Not applicable.

1 Data for 1991 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

2 Data are for institutions that did not offer accredited 4-year or 2-year degree programs, but were participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes some institutions transitioning to higher level program offerings, though still classified at a lower level.

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent staff is the full-time staff, plus the full-time equivalent of the part-time staff. Beginning in 2011, includes institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. By definition, all graduate assistants are part time. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment Survey" (IPEDS-EF:91) and "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:91); IPEDS Spring 2001 and 2012, Enrollment component; and IPEDS Winter 2001-02 and 2011-12, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared January 2013.)