Table 227.40.

Percentage of elementary and secondary school students who do homework outside of school, whose parents check that homework is done, and whose parents help with homework, by frequency and selected student and school characteristics: 2003 and 2007

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Year and selected student or school characteristic	Percent of students who do homework outside of school			Average hours per week spent by students who do homework outside of school			Distribution of students who do homework outside of school by how frequently they do homework												Percent of students whose parents1  check that homework is done			Distribution of students by how frequently their parents1  help with homework
							Less than once a week			1 to 2 days per week			3 to 4 days per week			5 or more days a week						No help given			Less than once a week			1 to 2 days per week			3 to 4 days per week			5 or more days per week
1	2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10			11			12			13
2003
All students	95.6		(0.23)	9.1		(0.19)	2.9		(0.16)	15.1		(0.45)	43.9		(0.61)	38.2		(0.57)	85.2		(0.33)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
All elementary school students      (kindergarten through grade 8)	96.2		(0.26)	9.2		(0.24)	2.3		(0.18)	12.9		(0.43)	46.5		(0.75)	38.3		(0.73)	94.6		(0.29)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Sex
Male	95.8		(0.41)	9.6		(0.36)	2.7		(0.26)	13.5		(0.58)	47.4		(0.95)	36.4		(0.93)	95.6		(0.38)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Female	96.7		(0.32)	8.7		(0.32)	2.0		(0.23)	12.3		(0.61)	45.5		(1.08)	40.3		(1.09)	93.4		(0.52)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Race/ethnicity
White	95.9		(0.37)	9.4		(0.30)	2.8		(0.27)	14.9		(0.64)	47.5		(0.97)	34.7		(1.05)	93.1		(0.44)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Black	97.8		(0.51)	8.0		(0.44)	1.4		(0.35)	8.1		(1.02)	47.6		(1.66)	42.9		(1.61)	98.0		(0.79)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Hispanic	96.3		(0.50)	8.8		(0.57)	1.5		(0.34)	11.8		(0.87)	41.8		(1.37)	44.9		(1.51)	96.4		(0.45)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Asian	95.1		(1.62)	11.1		(1.44)	‡		(†)	6.9		(1.74)	41.1		(4.96)	51.2		(5.30)	96.6		(1.18)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
School type
Public	96.4		(0.25)	9.1		(0.24)	2.5		(0.20)	13.5		(0.47)	47.1		(0.75)	36.9		(0.73)	95.0		(0.28)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Private	94.6		(0.87)	9.6		(0.58)	1.3		(0.31)	8.0		(0.92)	41.8		(1.90)	49.0		(1.81)	91.4		(1.16)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Poverty status
Poor	95.7		(0.71)	9.6		(0.63)	1.3		(0.34)	14.3		(1.33)	42.4		(1.87)	42.0		(1.75)	96.9		(0.77)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Nonpoor	96.3		(0.28)	9.1		(0.25)	2.6		(0.21)	12.6		(0.45)	47.4		(0.77)	37.5		(0.78)	94.0		(0.31)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
All secondary school students      (grades 9 through 12)	94.2		(0.52)	8.8		(0.25)	4.1		(0.40)	20.3		(0.94)	37.6		(1.01)	38.0		(1.04)	62.8		(0.86)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Sex
Male	91.3		(0.81)	9.0		(0.42)	6.2		(0.72)	23.6		(1.30)	38.1		(1.45)	32.1		(1.15)	66.6		(1.14)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Female	97.2		(0.56)	8.5		(0.27)	2.1		(0.35)	17.0		(1.23)	37.1		(1.35)	43.8		(1.53)	59.0		(1.47)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Race/ethnicity
White	94.2		(0.64)	8.8		(0.33)	4.4		(0.49)	20.2		(1.21)	36.3		(1.20)	39.0		(1.32)	55.4		(1.12)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Black	95.3		(1.05)	9.3		(0.78)	3.4		(0.82)	21.2		(2.48)	42.9		(2.56)	32.6		(2.49)	80.0		(2.13)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Hispanic	92.2		(1.20)	8.1		(0.45)	4.2		(1.15)	20.9		(2.20)	40.1		(2.39)	34.8		(2.45)	78.6		(1.68)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Asian	100.0		(†)	10.4		(1.48)	‡		(†)	6.7	!	(2.65)	32.8		(5.65)	59.0		(5.76)	52.6		(4.94)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
School type
Public	93.9		(0.58)	8.7		(0.27)	4.6		(0.44)	21.7		(1.03)	38.7		(1.06)	35.0		(1.02)	64.3		(0.92)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Private	96.6		(1.06)	9.9		(0.47)	‡		(†)	7.1		(1.90)	26.9		(2.88)	65.9		(2.92)	49.4		(3.51)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Poverty status
Poor	90.1		(1.53)	8.6		(0.74)	4.3		(0.97)	23.2		(3.33)	42.3		(3.16)	30.2		(2.83)	75.3		(2.94)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Nonpoor	95.0		(0.55)	8.8		(0.28)	4.1		(0.43)	19.8		(0.94)	36.7		(1.11)	39.4		(1.05)	60.5		(0.91)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Coursework
Enrolled in AP classes	98.0		(0.47)	9.6		(0.38)	2.2		(0.46)	13.4		(1.10)	31.9		(1.44)	52.5		(1.66)	53.4		(1.32)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
Not enrolled in AP classes	91.5		(0.80)	8.2		(0.34)	5.6		(0.67)	25.4		(1.35)	41.8		(1.43)	27.3		(1.30)	69.7		(1.10)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)
2007
All students	94.4		(0.30)	5.4		(0.06)	3.1		(0.34)	13.1		(0.47)	43.6		(0.62)	40.2		(0.60)	85.4		(0.46)	10.2		(0.41)	20.3		(0.51)	31.7		(0.64)	25.3		(0.59)	12.4		(0.41)
All elementary school students      (kindergarten through grade 8)	95.0		(0.37)	4.7		(0.07)	2.1		(0.23)	12.3		(0.56)	46.2		(0.73)	39.4		(0.68)	95.0		(0.34)	4.3		(0.34)	13.1		(0.52)	32.6		(0.77)	32.9		(0.76)	17.0		(0.56)
Sex
Male	94.6		(0.51)	4.6		(0.09)	2.1		(0.31)	12.4		(0.71)	47.9		(1.19)	37.6		(1.09)	95.3		(0.47)	4.3		(0.39)	12.9		(0.63)	32.3		(1.02)	32.7		(1.28)	17.8		(0.85)
Female	95.4		(0.53)	4.9		(0.10)	2.1		(0.31)	12.2		(0.96)	44.4		(1.13)	41.3		(1.08)	94.6		(0.48)	4.3		(0.56)	13.4		(0.76)	32.9		(1.17)	33.2		(1.17)	16.1		(0.79)
Race/ethnicity
White	94.7		(0.48)	4.4		(0.07)	2.7		(0.36)	13.7		(0.74)	48.3		(1.05)	35.3		(0.99)	94.0		(0.42)	3.8		(0.37)	15.7		(0.74)	34.9		(0.94)	31.3		(0.92)	14.3		(0.63)
Black	95.5		(1.07)	5.6		(0.27)	1.3	!	(0.53)	7.0		(1.19)	44.4		(3.40)	47.2		(3.11)	98.1		(0.63)	3.5		(1.03)	7.4		(1.14)	25.2		(2.22)	38.3		(3.36)	25.5		(2.38)
Hispanic	94.8		(0.85)	4.7		(0.11)	1.3		(0.33)	13.5		(1.39)	40.7		(1.94)	44.4		(1.74)	96.1		(0.70)	7.1		(0.95)	10.3		(0.91)	30.1		(1.79)	34.0		(1.78)	18.6		(1.52)
Asian	97.7		(0.97)	5.7		(0.39)	‡		(†)	5.1	!	(1.53)	39.1		(4.31)	54.8		(4.48)	88.5		(3.44)	3.1	!	(1.36)	12.8		(2.84)	37.5		(4.52)	30.7		(4.22)	15.9		(2.56)
School type
Public	95.1		(0.38)	4.7		(0.08)	2.0		(0.25)	12.4		(0.62)	46.1		(0.76)	39.4		(0.73)	95.4		(0.36)	4.4		(0.38)	13.1		(0.55)	32.4		(0.86)	32.9		(0.81)	17.2		(0.64)
Private	94.0		(1.01)	4.8		(0.19)	2.7		(0.63)	11.4		(1.96)	46.7		(2.64)	39.2		(2.46)	91.5		(1.19)	3.6		(0.85)	13.6		(1.48)	34.3		(2.10)	33.5		(2.36)	15.2		(1.68)
Poverty status
Poor	94.2		(0.99)	4.7		(0.20)	2.9		(0.72)	16.3		(2.18)	39.0		(2.53)	41.7		(2.21)	97.9		(0.55)	6.1		(1.01)	8.8		(1.29)	28.5		(2.44)	35.2		(2.41)	21.3		(1.90)
Nonpoor	95.2		(0.36)	4.8		(0.08)	1.9		(0.22)	11.3		(0.58)	48.0		(0.80)	38.8		(0.75)	94.2		(0.40)	3.9		(0.33)	14.2		(0.56)	33.7		(0.80)	32.4		(0.72)	15.9		(0.58)
Locale
City	95.2		(0.65)	5.1		(0.13)	1.5		(0.31)	9.1		(0.91)	43.4		(1.58)	46.0		(1.43)	95.4		(0.54)	4.8		(0.67)	11.3		(1.02)	29.1		(1.39)	36.0		(1.41)	18.7		(1.15)
Suburb	95.4		(0.51)	4.9		(0.11)	1.9		(0.37)	9.3		(0.71)	46.1		(1.24)	42.7		(1.19)	93.5		(0.67)	4.4		(0.55)	14.5		(0.85)	33.1		(1.05)	30.8		(1.14)	17.1		(0.91)
Town	93.0		(1.50)	4.1		(0.14)	2.7		(0.79)	18.8		(1.98)	46.4		(2.29)	32.2		(2.08)	96.0		(1.04)	3.2		(0.80)	14.2		(1.62)	35.7		(2.68)	31.1		(2.31)	15.7		(1.62)
Rural	95.0		(0.85)	4.2		(0.15)	3.2		(0.69)	19.5		(1.79)	50.6		(1.90)	26.8		(1.63)	96.3		(0.72)	4.1		(0.94)	13.1		(1.30)	35.5		(2.29)	32.8		(2.23)	14.6		(1.37)
All secondary school students      (grades 9 through 12)	93.0		(0.55)	6.8		(0.11)	5.4		(0.85)	14.8		(0.96)	38.0		(1.15)	41.9		(1.18)	64.6		(1.21)	23.1		(1.08)	35.9		(1.26)	29.7		(1.19)	8.8		(0.81)	2.5		(0.34)
Sex
Male	91.2		(0.80)	6.0		(0.19)	7.4		(1.53)	18.3		(1.59)	38.2		(1.78)	36.0		(1.64)	67.8		(1.88)	24.1		(1.56)	36.9		(1.97)	29.1		(1.84)	8.2		(1.11)	1.8		(0.41)
Female	94.9		(0.79)	7.5		(0.16)	3.3		(0.72)	11.2		(1.10)	37.7		(1.79)	47.9		(1.85)	61.4		(1.78)	22.0		(1.32)	35.0		(1.44)	30.4		(1.35)	9.3		(1.11)	3.3		(0.60)
Race/ethnicity
White	94.5		(0.52)	6.8		(0.13)	4.2		(0.58)	12.9		(0.91)	38.6		(1.51)	44.3		(1.42)	57.2		(1.54)	22.5		(1.28)	41.1		(1.36)	27.7		(1.43)	6.3		(0.66)	2.3		(0.42)
Black	91.8		(1.98)	6.3		(0.38)	‡		(†)	20.1		(3.86)	41.0		(4.72)	29.7		(3.43)	83.1		(2.84)	19.5		(2.97)	26.5		(4.77)	34.4		(4.03)	16.7		(4.45)	2.9	!	(1.13)
Hispanic	90.7		(2.11)	6.4		(0.34)	5.9		(1.29)	17.7		(3.55)	36.6		(2.93)	39.9		(3.03)	75.6		(2.71)	26.2		(2.94)	25.8		(2.38)	33.8		(3.49)	11.0		(1.76)	3.3		(1.00)
Asian	93.6		(5.45)	10.3		(1.37)	#		(†)	13.8	!	(5.51)	18.5	!	(6.12)	67.7		(7.18)	59.0		(7.69)	26.4		(7.58)	36.1		(7.55)	26.8		(7.61)	7.6	!	(3.11)	‡		(†)
School type
Public	92.3		(0.60)	6.5		(0.11)	5.9		(0.96)	15.9		(1.06)	39.7		(1.26)	38.5		(1.17)	66.1		(1.24)	22.8		(1.16)	35.4		(1.29)	30.0		(1.26)	9.1		(0.87)	2.7		(0.37)
Private	98.5		(0.54)	9.3		(0.39)	0.8	!	(0.35)	5.9		(1.34)	24.0		(2.72)	69.4		(2.89)	53.1		(3.98)	25.0		(2.64)	40.1		(3.68)	27.5		(4.07)	6.1		(1.36)	1.4	!	(0.61)
Poverty status
Poor	89.5		(2.21)	5.5		(0.32)	‡		(†)	19.2		(3.62)	38.7		(4.32)	33.7		(3.69)	81.0		(3.03)	24.2		(3.80)	24.0		(4.21)	36.1		(3.76)	14.0		(3.21)	1.7	!	(0.63)
Nonpoor	93.7		(0.58)	7.0		(0.12)	4.8		(0.53)	13.9		(0.91)	37.8		(1.27)	43.6		(1.37)	61.4		(1.30)	22.8		(1.05)	38.3		(1.19)	28.5		(1.24)	7.7		(0.66)	2.7		(0.38)
Coursework
Enrolled in AP classes	96.9		(0.59)	8.5		(0.22)	2.4		(0.70)	7.5		(0.93)	31.9		(1.81)	58.2		(1.97)	56.3		(2.06)	27.4		(1.90)	36.3		(1.69)	28.3		(1.74)	6.0		(0.99)	1.9		(0.43)
Not enrolled in AP classes	90.6		(0.81)	5.7		(0.13)	7.3		(1.31)	19.5		(1.40)	41.9		(1.56)	31.2		(1.42)	70.1		(1.46)	20.2		(1.14)	35.7		(1.70)	30.7		(1.59)	10.5		(1.23)	2.9		(0.51)
Locale
City	92.8		(1.01)	6.8		(0.22)	6.3	!	(2.46)	14.1		(1.90)	35.9		(2.32)	43.7		(2.53)	71.5		(1.89)	22.6		(1.88)	33.4		(2.64)	29.3		(2.00)	12.0		(1.80)	2.7		(0.55)
Suburb	93.6		(0.95)	7.5		(0.17)	4.8		(0.86)	11.4		(1.27)	36.5		(1.71)	47.4		(2.07)	58.9		(2.00)	23.6		(1.74)	39.1		(1.79)	27.8		(1.68)	7.5		(1.01)	2.0		(0.47)
Town	89.7		(2.16)	6.4		(0.27)	5.4		(1.48)	13.2		(1.74)	45.9		(3.46)	35.5		(3.17)	64.8		(3.12)	24.3		(2.81)	34.4		(2.96)	27.9		(3.41)	9.3		(1.80)	4.2	!	(1.54)
Rural	93.9		(1.23)	5.6		(0.29)	5.1		(1.20)	22.7		(2.76)	39.6		(3.04)	32.6		(2.79)	65.5		(2.94)	22.1		(2.69)	34.4		(2.71)	34.8		(3.43)	6.2		(1.53)	2.5	!	(0.88)

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1 Refers to one or more parent or other household adult. Only includes students who had homework outside of school.

NOTE: Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and ungraded students. Data based on responses of the parent most knowledgeable about the student's education. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Poverty status was determined based on household income and family size, using weighted averages from Census poverty thresholds. In 2007, for example, households with three members were classified as poor if their income was less than or equal to $15,000 and as nonpoor if their income exceeded $15,000. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Totals include data for other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2003 and 2007). (This table was prepared June 2008.)