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| 2012 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 474. | Percentage of graduate degrees awarded in mathematics, science, and engineering, by field of study and country: Selected years, 1990 through 2009 |
| Country | All mathematics, science, and engineering degrees1 | Natural sciences2 | Mathematics and computer science3 | Engineering | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1996 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | 1990 | 1996 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | 1990 | 1996 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | 1990 | 1996 | 2000 | 2005 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ||||||||
| OECD average4 | — | — | 28.5 | 24.7 | 23.3 | 22.6 | — | — | 11.1 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 6.9 | — | — | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.2 | — | — | 12.7 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 11.7 | ||||||||
| Australia | — | 14.0 | 15.2 | 20.0 | 18.8 | 18.9 | — | 5.4 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | — | 3.8 | 4.9 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 7.6 | — | 4.7 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 8.3 | ||||||||
| Austria | 37.7 | 38.8 | 39.2 | 38.6 | 31.8 | 33.4 | 12.3 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 15.0 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 20.8 | 16.6 | 17.7 | 16.9 | 13.0 | 14.9 | ||||||||
| Belgium | — | — | 19.7 | 18.7 | 18.0 | 21.2 | — | — | — | 9.3 | 5.4 | 5.7 | — | — | — | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.2 | — | — | 7.0 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 12.3 | ||||||||
| Canada | 20.0 | 22.3 | 22.4 | 18.8 | 26.3 | 26.0 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 5.0 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 12.1 | 11.9 | ||||||||
| Chile | — | — | — | 8.5 | 11.4 | 7.9 | — | — | — | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.1 | — | — | — | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | — | — | — | 4.6 | 6.3 | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Czech Republic | (5) | — | 21.0 | 26.1 | 22.2 | 26.9 | (5) | — | 5.3 | 8.3 | 5.7 | 6.5 | (5) | — | 7.9 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | (5) | — | 7.7 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 16.5 | ||||||||
| Denmark | 22.2 | 12.3 | 27.8 | 23.4 | 21.3 | 23.3 | 5.8 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 11.6 | 7.8 | 15.4 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 9.7 | ||||||||
| Estonia | (5) | — | — | 23.9 | 28.6 | 27.3 | (5) | — | — | 10.0 | 8.2 | 8.3 | (5) | — | — | 5.0 | 7.7 | 5.7 | (5) | — | — | 8.9 | 12.6 | 13.3 | ||||||||
| Finland | 30.6 | 28.3 | 28.7 | 30.5 | 31.7 | 34.3 | 14.7 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 10.5 | 12.7 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.2 | 24.8 | ||||||||
| France | — | — | 26.4 | 28.4 | 28.8 | 28.0 | — | — | 13.5 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 11.0 | — | — | 5.6 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.7 | — | — | 7.3 | 8.9 | 11.2 | 10.3 | ||||||||
| Germany | 33.2 | 38.6 | 38.1 | 30.9 | 33.7 | 32.2 | 23.5 | 25.5 | 24.9 | 14.8 | 15.1 | 14.7 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 11.4 | ||||||||
| Greece | — | — | — | 42.8 | 33.0 | — | — | — | — | 22.3 | 6.2 | — | — | — | — | 5.3 | 11.0 | — | — | — | — | 15.2 | 15.7 | — | ||||||||
| Hungary | — | — | 9.9 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 10.0 | — | — | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.8 | — | — | 0.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | — | — | 7.5 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 6.0 | ||||||||
| Iceland | — | — | 35.9 | 23.0 | 10.6 | 12.7 | — | — | 19.4 | 9.5 | 5.8 | 4.6 | — | — | # | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | — | — | 16.5 | 10.5 | 3.7 | 7.2 | ||||||||
| Ireland | 34.5 | 23.1 | 28.1 | 16.8 | 19.0 | 16.3 | 19.5 | 10.9 | 6.9 | 4.1 | — | 5.1 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 15.2 | 6.3 | — | 6.2 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.1 | ||||||||
| Israel | — | — | 18.1 | 17.9 | 18.6 | 18.4 | — | — | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 8.8 | — | — | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | — | — | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | ||||||||
| Italy | — | — | 11.7 | 15.9 | — | — | — | — | 0.3 | 3.5 | — | — | — | — | 5.8 | 3.5 | — | — | — | — | 5.7 | 8.9 | — | — | ||||||||
| Japan | — | — | 54.4 | 50.9 | 47.1 | 46.8 | 9.5 | 10.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 45.1 | 44.4 | 41.9 | 38.0 | 34.7 | 34.7 | ||||||||
| Korea, Republic of | — | — | 48.4 | 43.9 | 24.1 | 24.2 | — | — | 8.5 | 9.5 | 4.4 | 4.7 | — | — | 5.7 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | — | — | 34.3 | 32.4 | 18.4 | 18.1 | ||||||||
| Mexico | — | — | 31.4 | 6 | 14.7 | 12.1 | 12.1 | — | — | 18.9 | 6 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | — | — | 4.1 | 6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 | — | — | 8.4 | 6 | 8.2 | 5.9 | 6.9 | ||||
| Netherlands | 28.9 | 18.6 | — | 21.3 | 14.6 | 15.1 | 17.7 | 4.4 | — | — | — | — | 1.5 | 3.7 | — | — | — | — | 9.7 | 10.6 | — | 11.9 | 7.6 | 7.9 | ||||||||
| New Zealand | 22.6 | 16.7 | 20.5 | 16.6 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 11.6 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 7.5 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.9 | ||||||||
| Norway | 33.4 | 38.3 | 22.0 | 25.8 | 22.2 | 19.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 14.9 | 7.8 | 6.1 | — | 2.1 | 1.9 | 4.6 | 11.9 | 10.8 | — | 23.3 | 27.7 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.3 | ||||||||
| Poland | — | — | — | 9.1 | 11.1 | 11.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.5 | 5.0 | 6.5 | ||||||||
| Portugal | — | — | 39.3 | 6 | 33.8 | 49.2 | 32.7 | — | — | 11.7 | 6 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 7.2 | — | — | 9.4 | 6 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 2.3 | — | — | 18.2 | 6 | 11.9 | 25.8 | 23.2 | ||||
| Slovak Republic | (5) | — | 38.1 | 36.8 | 28.0 | 25.4 | (5) | — | 12.6 | 10.8 | 6.3 | 5.3 | (5) | — | 4.7 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 3.7 | (5) | — | 20.9 | 21.8 | 19.6 | 16.5 | ||||||||
| Slovenia | (5) | — | — | 24.2 | 19.9 | 18.2 | (5) | — | — | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | (5) | — | — | 4.2 | 2.7 | 2.4 | (5) | — | — | 13.6 | 10.1 | 9.7 | ||||||||
| Spain | 26.9 | 36.0 | — | 37.5 | 6 | 26.6 | 24.5 | 19.7 | 24.8 | 23.9 | 6 | 23.8 | 6 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 6 | 4.6 | 6 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6 | 9.1 | 6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | |
| Sweden | 48.5 | 32.3 | 40.5 | 23.7 | 28.1 | 32.0 | 19.4 | 9.2 | 14.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 19.9 | 17.1 | 22.2 | 12.9 | 15.6 | 18.5 | ||||||||
| Switzerland | 30.2 | 40.1 | 42.7 | 32.0 | 28.9 | 29.5 | 22.0 | 25.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 19.5 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 16.9 | 13.3 | 13.1 | ||||||||
| Turkey | 24.0 | — | 25.7 | 21.4 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 7.6 | — | 7.6 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 3.3 | — | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 13.2 | — | 15.2 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 9.9 | ||||||||
| United Kingdom | — | — | 21.7 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.4 | — | — | 7.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.8 | — | — | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.8 | — | — | 9.2 | 9.0 | 9.7 | 9.8 | ||||||||
| United States | 14.5 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.5 | ||||||||
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Includes life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics/statistics, computer science, and engineering. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Includes life sciences and physical sciences. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Includes mathematics/statistics and computer science. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year. However, if data were reported for less than 75 percent of the countries that were members of OECD in a given year, the average for that year is omitted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Country did not exist in its current form in the given year. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Only includes doctor's (Ph.D.) degrees. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified by OECD as International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5A, second award, and as ISCED 6. ISCED 5A, second award, corresponds to master's and first-professional degrees in the United States, and ISCED 6 corresponds to doctor's degrees. Data for Luxembourg are not shown because tertiary students study for only 1 year in Luxembourg. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database; retrieved March 21, 2012, from http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx; and unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared March 2012.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
