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| Table 46. | Percentage distribution of children at about 2 and 4 years of age, by type of child care arrangement and selected child and family characteristics: 2003–04 and 2005–06 |
| Selected characteristic | Children at about 2 years of age in 2003–04 | Children at about 4 years of age in 2005–06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage distribution of children1 |
Percentage distribution by primary type of care arrangement2 | Percentage distribution of children7 |
Percentage distribution by primary type of care arrangement2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No regular nonparental arrangement | Home-based care | Center-based care5 | Multiple arrangements6 | No regular nonparental arrangement | Home-based care | Center-based care5 | Multiple arrangements6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Relative care3 | Nonrelative care4 | Relative care3 | Nonrelative care4 | Total | Head Start | Other than Head Start | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 100.0 | (†) | 50.6 | (0.74) | 18.6 | (0.62) | 14.6 | (0.51) | 15.8 | (0.50) | 0.5 | (0.10) | 100.0 | (†) | 20.0 | (0.65) | 13.1 | (0.61) | 7.6 | (0.32) | 57.5 | (0.80) | 12.7 | (0.64) | 44.8 | (0.71) | 1.9 | (0.21) |
| Sex of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 51.2 | (0.08) | 50.0 | (0.96) | 19.1 | (0.79) | 14.3 | (0.61) | 16.3 | (0.65) | 0.3 | (0.07) | 51.2 | (0.11) | 19.3 | (0.80) | 13.1 | (0.79) | 7.5 | (0.51) | 58.0 | (0.99) | 12.9 | (0.80) | 45.1 | (1.02) | 2.1 | (0.33) |
| Female | 48.8 | (0.08) | 51.1 | (1.01) | 18.0 | (0.78) | 14.9 | (0.71) | 15.2 | (0.63) | 0.8 | (0.19) | 48.8 | (0.11) | 20.7 | (0.90) | 13.1 | (0.86) | 7.6 | (0.52) | 56.9 | (1.00) | 12.4 | (0.74) | 44.5 | (0.91) | 1.7 | (0.20) |
| Race/ethnicity of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 53.8 | (0.53) | 50.7 | (1.07) | 14.9 | (0.88) | 17.0 | (0.75) | 16.8 | (0.73) | 0.5 | (0.13) | 53.8 | (0.59) | 17.9 | (0.98) | 11.0 | (0.74) | 9.2 | (0.49) | 60.1 | (1.04) | 6.8 | (0.61) | 53.3 | (1.00) | 1.9 | (0.28) |
| Black | 13.7 | (0.24) | 37.1 | (1.39) | 26.0 | (1.54) | 12.0 | (1.30) | 24.1 | (1.15) | 0.8 | (0.24) | 13.8 | (0.26) | 16.0 | (1.37) | 13.9 | (1.49) | 4.3 | (0.73) | 62.4 | (2.08) | 25.4 | (1.97) | 37.1 | (1.87) | 3.3 | (0.66) |
| Hispanic | 25.3 | (0.38) | 57.4 | (1.39) | 21.4 | (1.14) | 11.6 | (0.94) | 9.2 | (0.94) | 0.4 | (0.20) | 25.1 | (0.42) | 27.2 | (1.37) | 15.9 | (1.14) | 6.2 | (0.78) | 49.4 | (1.58) | 18.6 | (1.22) | 30.9 | (1.65) | 1.2 | (0.29) |
| Asian | 2.7 | (0.09) | 55.5 | (2.24) | 23.8 | (1.44) | 10.9 | (1.06) | 9.4 | (1.39) | 0.5 | (0.25) | 2.6 | (0.09) | 17.5 | (1.75) | 16.0 | (1.41) | 3.4 | (0.67) | 60.7 | (2.06) | 5.5 | (0.90) | 55.3 | (2.16) | 2.3 | (1.05) |
| Pacific Islander | 0.2 | (0.04) | 73.5 | (9.77) | 23.5 | (9.83) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 0.2 | (0.05) | 22.3 | (6.82) | 45.0 | (14.27) | ‡ | (†) | 19.9 | (7.94) | 5.0 | (3.24) | 14.9 | (6.47) | ‡ | (†) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.5 | (0.06) | 56.7 | (3.20) | 17.7 | (3.16) | 11.8 | (3.90) | 13.7 | (2.77) | ‡ | (†) | 0.5 | (0.05) | 20.0 | (2.41) | 14.0 | (2.07) | 5.3 | (1.46) | 59.6 | (3.58) | 31.1 | (4.72) | 28.5 | (5.63) | 1.1 | (0.95) |
| More than one race | 3.8 | (0.28) | 46.7 | (3.01) | 18.9 | (1.89) | 13.5 | (2.25) | 19.8 | (2.23) | 1.2 | (0.64) | 4.0 | (0.28) | 17.8 | (2.13) | 17.5 | (2.44) | 8.9 | (2.06) | 53.9 | (3.41) | 12.2 | (2.33) | 41.7 | (3.27) | 1.8 | (0.85) |
| Age of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 or fewer months | 1.9 | (0.29) | 58.6 | (4.73) | 21.0 | (4.62) | 11.0 | (3.41) | 9.4 | (2.77) | ‡ | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) |
| 23 months | 38.3 | (1.22) | 54.1 | (1.16) | 17.0 | (0.93) | 13.6 | (0.91) | 14.5 | (0.85) | 0.7 | (0.16) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) |
| 24 months | 38.0 | (0.89) | 49.1 | (1.02) | 18.5 | (0.95) | 15.6 | (0.80) | 16.6 | (0.87) | 0.2 | (0.10) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) |
| 25 months | 12.4 | (0.46) | 44.8 | (1.91) | 23.1 | (1.44) | 14.7 | (1.40) | 16.8 | (1.44) | 0.5 | (0.31) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) |
| 26 or more months | 9.4 | (0.59) | 47.6 | (2.37) | 18.6 | (1.82) | 14.8 | (1.40) | 17.9 | (1.60) | 1.1 | (0.54) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) |
| Less than 48 months | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | 16.4 | (0.57) | 27.3 | (1.63) | 13.9 | (1.48) | 8.7 | (0.95) | 48.0 | (1.76) | 10.6 | (1.24) | 37.4 | (1.90) | 2.2 | (0.55) |
| 48 to 52 months | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | 38.1 | (0.55) | 19.9 | (1.01) | 13.0 | (0.87) | 8.3 | (0.60) | 56.8 | (1.29) | 12.0 | (0.79) | 44.8 | (1.31) | 2.0 | (0.37) |
| 53 to 57 months | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | 36.5 | (0.57) | 16.5 | (0.93) | 13.1 | (0.83) | 6.7 | (0.52) | 62.2 | (1.32) | 14.4 | (1.01) | 47.8 | (1.22) | 1.5 | (0.25) |
| 58 or more months | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | † | (†) | 9.0 | (0.41) | 20.9 | (2.00) | 12.0 | (1.66) | 6.3 | (1.09) | 58.1 | (2.84) | 12.0 | (1.66) | 46.1 | (2.52) | 2.7 | (0.74) |
| Mother's employment status | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-time (35 hours or more) | 34.6 | (0.73) | 15.6 | (0.89) | 30.4 | (1.10) | 26.0 | (0.86) | 27.1 | (0.97) | 0.8 | (0.21) | 39.4 | (0.72) | 8.5 | (0.73) | 18.5 | (1.01) | 13.4 | (0.71) | 57.4 | (1.21) | 11.4 | (0.94) | 46.1 | (1.05) | 2.1 | (0.31) |
| Part-time (less than 35 hours) | 20.2 | (0.63) | 35.4 | (1.53) | 26.4 | (1.53) | 20.5 | (1.37) | 16.7 | (1.23) | 1.1 | (0.34) | 19.7 | (0.54) | 13.4 | (1.06) | 15.9 | (1.30) | 8.5 | (1.04) | 59.3 | (1.84) | 10.1 | (1.10) | 49.2 | (1.91) | 2.9 | (0.56) |
| Looking for work | 6.3 | (0.35) | 71.1 | (2.30) | 11.5 | (1.58) | 3.8 | (0.95) | 13.4 | (2.02) | 0.1 | (0.14) | 5.8 | (0.30) | 28.5 | (2.55) | 12.6 | (2.15) | 2.1 | (0.94) | 54.7 | (2.86) | 24.3 | (2.88) | 30.4 | (3.01) | 2.0 | (0.83) |
| Not in labor force | 38.4 | (0.78) | 86.8 | (0.75) | 4.8 | (0.48) | 2.9 | (0.35) | 5.4 | (0.46) | ‡ | (†) | 34.3 | (0.76) | 35.6 | (1.31) | 4.6 | (0.52) | 1.5 | (0.26) | 57.3 | (1.31) | 13.7 | (0.97) | 43.7 | (1.27) | 1.0 | (0.30) |
| No mother in household | 0.4 | (0.10) | 21.3 | (6.88) | 30.9 | (8.20) | 17.7 | (8.58) | 30.1 | (9.47) | ‡ | (†) | 0.8 | (0.12) | 9.6 | (4.50) | 36.0 | (7.05) | 9.5 | (4.19) | 41.1 | (7.47) | 14.4 | (5.29) | 26.7 | (6.56) | 3.8 | (2.78) |
| Parents' highest level of education | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 12.8 | (0.37) | 67.6 | (1.96) | 17.5 | (1.43) | 6.8 | (1.08) | 7.6 | (0.93) | 0.4 | (0.24) | 10.4 | (0.37) | 34.0 | (2.10) | 16.5 | (1.80) | 4.0 | (1.07) | 43.4 | (2.63) | 22.2 | (2.12) | 21.2 | (2.06) | 2.1 | (0.80) |
| High school completion | 27.3 | (0.45) | 50.1 | (1.32) | 23.0 | (1.17) | 12.4 | (0.91) | 14.1 | (0.84) | 0.4 | (0.16) | 25.0 | (0.58) | 22.6 | (1.23) | 17.1 | (1.14) | 6.7 | (0.64) | 51.7 | (1.69) | 21.4 | (1.37) | 30.3 | (1.35) | 2.0 | (0.31) |
| Some college/vocational | 28.2 | (0.49) | 46.8 | (1.53) | 21.5 | (1.21) | 15.1 | (0.93) | 15.9 | (0.94) | 0.7 | (0.20) | 31.6 | (0.63) | 20.6 | (1.18) | 14.9 | (0.99) | 7.3 | (0.57) | 55.5 | (1.47) | 13.0 | (1.05) | 42.5 | (1.28) | 1.7 | (0.33) |
| Bachelor's degree | 16.9 | (0.46) | 48.6 | (1.15) | 14.3 | (1.17) | 17.7 | (1.17) | 18.7 | (1.15) | 0.7 | (0.23) | 16.8 | (0.45) | 16.0 | (1.57) | 8.4 | (1.02) | 8.1 | (0.93) | 65.7 | (1.88) | 3.3 | (0.75) | 62.4 | (1.98) | 1.8 | (0.48) |
| Any graduate education | 14.9 | (0.35) | 46.0 | (1.92) | 10.6 | (1.05) | 20.7 | (1.57) | 22.4 | (1.49) | 0.4 | (0.16) | 16.2 | (0.36) | 9.7 | (0.83) | 6.2 | (0.90) | 11.2 | (1.16) | 70.8 | (1.57) | 2.0 | (0.52) | 68.8 | (1.67) | 2.0 | (0.51) |
| Poverty status8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below poverty threshold | 23.9 | (0.75) | 61.8 | (1.40) | 18.0 | (1.15) | 7.8 | (0.79) | 11.7 | (0.92) | 0.7 | (0.24) | 24.8 | (0.63) | 27.6 | (1.28) | 15.0 | (1.19) | 4.4 | (0.54) | 51.0 | (1.61) | 26.3 | (1.45) | 24.7 | (1.18) | 2.0 | (0.40) |
| At or above poverty threshold | 76.1 | (0.75) | 47.0 | (0.90) | 18.7 | (0.68) | 16.7 | (0.62) | 17.1 | (0.60) | 0.5 | (0.11) | 75.2 | (0.63) | 17.4 | (0.71) | 12.5 | (0.64) | 8.6 | (0.39) | 59.6 | (0.85) | 8.2 | (0.57) | 51.4 | (0.86) | 1.9 | (0.22) |
| Socioeconomic status9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest 20 percent | 20.0 | (0.51) | 65.5 | (1.51) | 17.0 | (1.25) | 7.2 | (0.82) | 9.9 | (0.76) | 0.4 | (0.18) | 20.0 | (0.52) | 30.5 | (1.27) | 15.0 | (1.34) | 5.0 | (0.68) | 47.1 | (1.80) | 24.7 | (1.56) | 22.4 | (1.46) | 2.3 | (0.57) |
| Middle 60 percent | 60.0 | (0.71) | 47.2 | (0.99) | 21.8 | (0.83) | 14.9 | (0.66) | 15.4 | (0.58) | 0.6 | (0.15) | 60.0 | (0.67) | 19.6 | (0.88) | 15.0 | (0.81) | 7.4 | (0.49) | 56.2 | (1.10) | 12.5 | (0.81) | 43.7 | (0.91) | 1.8 | (0.23) |
| Highest 20 percent | 20.0 | (0.48) | 45.7 | (1.68) | 10.3 | (0.84) | 20.8 | (1.50) | 22.7 | (1.44) | 0.5 | (0.21) | 20.0 | (0.47) | 10.3 | (0.93) | 5.5 | (0.73) | 10.7 | (0.90) | 71.6 | (1.39) | 1.0 | (0.23) | 70.6 | (1.42) | 1.9 | (0.42) |
|
† Not applicable. ‡ Reporting standards not met. 1 Distribution of weighted Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort survey population with data on primary care arrange-ments. 2 Primary type of care arrangement is the type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours. 3 Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a relative (excluding parents). 4 Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a person unrelated to the child. 5 Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools, including Head Start. 6 Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements. 7 Distribution of weighted Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort survey population between 44 and 65 months of age with data on primary care arrangements. 8 Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2002, which identify a dollar amount determined to meet a house-hold's needs, given its size and composition. In 2002, a family of four was considered to live below the poverty threshold if its income was less than or equal to $18,392. 9 Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental education and occupations, and family income. NOTE: Data are based on a representative sample of children born in 2001. Estimates for children at about 2 years of age weighted by W2R0. Estimates for children at about 4 years of age weighted by W3R0. Race categories exclude persons of His-panic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and suppression of cells that do not meet standards. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, 9-month–Preschool Restricted-Use Data File and Electronic Codebook. (This table was prepared February 2008.) |
