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Digest of Education Statistics
2004 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 409. Instructional practices and time spent teaching science in 8th grade, by country: 2003

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                          |     Percent of students reported doing the same activity about half the lessons or more      |     Students' average yearly instructional time in hours     |Science instructional time as a percent of total instructional time \1\
                          |______________________________________________________________________________________________|______________________________________________________________|________________________________________________________________________
                          |    Watch the|     Design or|    Conduct an|  Work in small|   Write explana-|  Relate what is|     General|      Earth|    Chemistry|    Biology|    Physics|      General|         Earth|    Chemistry|      Biology |  Physics
Country                   |      teacher|       plan an|    experiment|   groups on an|      tions about|   being learned|  integrated|    science|             |           |           |   integrated|       science|             |              |
                          |  demonstrate|    experiment| or investiga-|     experiment|     what was ob-|      in science|     science|           |             |           |           |      science|              |             |              |
                          |an experiment|   or investi-|          tion|  or investiga-|   served and why|    to our daily|            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
                          |  or investi-|        gation|              |           tion|      it happened|           lives|            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
                          |       gation|              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
__________________________|_____________|______________|______________|_______________|_________________|________________|____________|___________|_____________|___________|___________|_____________|______________|_____________|______________|______________
1                         |           2 |            3 |            4 |             5 |                6|               7|           8|          9|           10|         11|         12|           13|            14|           15|      16      |           17
__________________________|_____________|______________|______________|_______________|_________________|________________|____________|___________|_____________|___________|___________|_____________|______________|_____________|______________|______________
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
   International average .|    64  (0.2)|    49   (0.2)|    57   (0.3)|    59    (0.3)|    66      (0.2)|    57     (0.2)|   117 (0.7)|    55(0.6)|      61(0.8)|    61(0.8)|    68(0.6)|    12  (0.1)|     6   (0.1)|     7  (0.1)|     6   (0.1)|     7  (0.1)
                          |_____________|______________|______________|_______________|_________________|________________|____________|___________|_____________|___________|___________|_____________|______________|_____________|______________|______________
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Australia ................|    54  (1.6)|    49   (1.7)|    60   (2.2)|    68    (2.1)|    75      (1.5)|    42     (1.1)|\2\132 (3.6)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    13  (0.4)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Bahrain ..................|    83  (0.8)|    63   (0.8)|    64   (0.8)|    66    (1.1)|    68      (0.9)|    64     (0.9)|   119 (1.1)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    14  (0.1)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Belgium (Flemish) ........|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\2\ 52(3.2)|    ---  (†) |\2\ 55(3.3)|\2\ 58(2.7)|   ---   (†) |     5   (0.3)|   ---   (†) |     6   (0.3)|     6  (0.3)
Botswana .................|    61  (0.9)|    45   (0.8)|    48   (1.0)|    50    (1.1)|    61      (0.9)|    71     (0.8)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Bulgaria .................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\3\ 53(2.2)|\3\   63(2.9)|\2\ 65(3.2)|\3\ 64(3.3)|   ---   (†) |\3\  6   (0.2)|\3\  8  (0.4)|     8   (0.4)|\3\  8  (0.4)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Chile ....................|    57  (1.3)|    56   (1.4)|    54   (1.5)|    61    (1.4)|    69      (1.0)|    62     (0.7)|\3\118 (2.2)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |\3\ 11  (0.3)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Chinese Taipei ...........|\4\ 48  (1.1)|\4\ 24   (0.9)|\4\ 36   (1.3)|\4\ 37    (1.5)|\4\ 37      (1.1)|\4\ 40     (1.0)|   ---  (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |\6\134(2.0)|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |\6\ 12  (0.2)
Cyprus ...................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\2\ 53(0.7)|\2\   34(1.6)|   --- (†) |\2\ 52(0.8)|   ---   (†) |     6   (0.1)|     4  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |     6  (0.1)
England ..................|    ‡    (†) |    ‡     (†) |    ‡     (†) |    ‡      (†) |    ‡        (†) |    ‡       (†) |    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Egypt ....................|    80  (0.7)|    61   (1.0)|    62   (1.0)|    60    (0.8)|    71      (0.7)|    73     (0.7)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Estonia ..................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |    ‡   (†) |    55(2.9)|      65(3.9)|    80(4.8)|    59(1.8)|    ‡    (†) |     5   (0.3)|     6  (0.4)|     8   (0.5)|     6  (0.2)
Ghana ....................|    73  (1.2)|    54   (1.3)|    55   (1.3)|    54    (1.5)|    64      (1.5)|    75     (1.0)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Hong Kong, SAR\5\.........|    66  (1.2)|    35   (1.0)|    71   (1.5)|    75    (1.2)|    67      (1.2)|    61     (0.8)|\2\103 (4.0)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    11  (0.4)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Hungary ..................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\2\ 58(2.5)|\2\   59(2.1)|\2\ 61(2.8)|\2\ 57(2.5)|   ---   (†) |     6   (0.2)|     5  (0.2)|     6   (0.2)|     5  (0.2)
Indonesia ................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |\2\ 93(3.6)|\2\ 93(3.3)|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |     7   (0.3)|     7  (0.3)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Iran, Islamic Republic ...|    87  (1.0)|    66   (1.4)|    77   (1.2)|    73    (1.5)|    78      (1.0)|    70     (1.0)|\2\106 (3.7)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    11  (0.4)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Israel ...................|    73  (1.6)|    56   (1.4)|    63   (1.6)|    52    (1.8)|    76      (1.3)|    56     (1.0)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Italy ....................|    26  (1.3)|    16   (0.9)|    13   (0.8)|    12    (0.8)|    32      (1.4)|    35     (1.1)|\2\ 69 (1.1)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |     7  (0.1)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Japan ....................|    66  (1.5)|    51   (1.7)|    75   (1.7)|    79    (1.6)|    69      (1.5)|    27     (1.1)|\3\ 99 (1.5)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |\3\  9  (0.1)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Jordan ...................|    67  (1.5)|    56   (1.4)|    55   (1.7)|    53    (1.6)|    66      (1.3)|    70     (1.1)|   135 (0.8)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    15  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |   ---        |             |              |
Korea, Rep. of ...........|    31  (1.0)|    14   (0.8)|    20   (1.1)|    39    (1.3)|    44      (1.3)|    36     (0.9)|\2\103 (2.7)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |     9  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Latvia ...................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |   --- (†) |      ‡  (†) |\2\ 64(4.2)|\2\ 56(4.1)|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |    ‡    (†) |     7   (0.4)|     6  (0.4)
Lebanon ..................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Lithuania ................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\3\ 59(0.4)|\3\   65(1.2)|\3\ 46(3.5)|\3\ 60(0.8)|   ---   (†) |\3\  6   (0.1)|\3\  6  (0.2)|\3\  4   (0.4)|\3\  6  (0.1)
Macedonia ................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\3\ 53(1.4)|\3\   64(2.5)|\3\ 59(2.0)|\3\ 79(1.5)|   ---   (†) |\3\  6   (0.2)|\3\  7  (0.3)|\3\  7   (0.3)|\3\  9  (0.2)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Malaysia .................|    83  (1.1)|    46   (1.3)|    71   (1.7)|    77    (1.3)|    73      (1.0)|    72     (1.0)|   119 (1.8)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    12  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Moldova ................. |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Morocco ................. |    82  (1.2)|    62   (1.3)|\3\ 61   (1.2)|    50    (1.3)|    74      (1.0)|\3\ 65     (1.2)|   ---  (†) |\7\--- (†) |\8\ ---  (†) |\7\ ‡  (†) |\8\ ‡  (†) |   ---   (†) |\7\---    (†) |\8\---   (†) |\7\ ‡    (†)  |\8\ ‡    (†)
Netherlands ..............|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\2\ 54(1.7)|\8\ ---  (†) |\2\ 58(1.8)|\2, 68(2.4)|   ---   (†) |     5   (0.1)|\8\---   (†) |     5   (0.2)|\8\  6  (0.2)
New Zealand ..............|    60  (2.0)|    50   (2.1)|    56   (2.5)|    66    (2.3)|    73      (1.8)|    45     (1.3)|   132 (2.4)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    14  (0.3)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Norway ...................|    40  (1.5)|    34   (1.6)|    49   (2.2)|    49    (2.2)|    56      (1.9)|    31     (0.9)|    92 (2.5)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    11  (0.3)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Palestinian National      |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
   Authority .............|    70  (1.2)|    56   (1.2)|    57   (1.0)|    54    (1.5)|    66      (1.2)|    69     (0.9)|\2\101 (1.8)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    11  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Phillipines\9\ ...........|    74  (0.9)|    58   (1.2)|    57   (1.0)|    62    (1.1)|    72      (1.0)|    76     (0.8)|   202 (4.2)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    18  (0.5)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Romania ..................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\3\ 60(1.1)|\3\   67(2.4)|\3\ 38(2.6)|\3\ 67(2.4)|   ---   (†) |\3\  6   (0.2)|\3\  7  (0.2)|\3\  4   (0.3)|\3\  7  (0.3)
Russian Federation .......|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\3\ 49(0.7)|\3\   59(1.2)|\3\ 49(0.8)|\3\ 49(0.9)|   ---   (†) |\3\  6   (0.1)|\3\  7  (0.2)|\3\  6   (0.1)|\3\  6  (0.1)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Saudi Arabia .............|    68  (1.3)|    50   (1.3)|    51   (1.4)|    43    (1.4)|    60      (1.3)|    67     (1.0)|\2\106 (1.6)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    11   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Scotland .................|    69  (1.4)|    54   (1.3)|    74   (1.4)|    81    (1.2)|    83      (1.1)|    47     (1.0)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Serbia ...................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\2\ 53(2.2)|\2\   61(3.7)|\2\ 53(1.0)|\2\ 56(2.5)|   ---   (†) |     7   (0.3)|     8  (0.5)|     7   (0.1)|     7  (0.3)
Singapore ................|    49  (0.9)|    31   (0.6)|    55   (1.0)|    57    (0.8)|    68      (0.8)|    58     (0.7)|   107 (1.9)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    12  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |    (†)       |   ---   (†)
Slovak Republic ..........|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |\3\ 66(3.9)|\3\   76(3.8)|\3\ 72(5.2)|\3\ 70(4.5)|   ---   (†) |\3\  7   (0.4)|\3\  8  (0.4)|\3\  8   (0.5)|\3\  7  (0.4)
                          |             |              |              |               |                 |                |            |           |             |           |           |             |              |             |              |
Slovenia .................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |   ---  (†) |   --- (†) |      59(1.1)|    56(0.7)|\3\ 57(0.5)|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |     6  (0.1)|     5   (0.1)|\3\  5  (0.1)
South Africa .............|    72  (1.1)|    64   (1.2)|    63   (1.1)|    70    (1.1)|    73      (0.7)|    77     (0.7)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Sweden ...................|   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---     (†) |   ---       (†) |   ---      (†) |\3\131 (7.6)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    14  (0.8)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
Tunisia ..................|    79  (0.7)|    65   (1.0)|    69   (1.0)|    55    (1.2)|    73      (0.8)|    54     (0.9)|    ‡   (†) |   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |    ‡    (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
United States ............|    57  (1.3)|    48   (1.2)|    55   (1.4)|    65    (1.5)|    65      (1.4)|    51     (0.9)|\2\135 (2.2)|   --- (†) |    ---  (†) |   --- (†) |   --- (†) |\2\ 13  (0.2)|   ---    (†) |   ---   (†) |   ---    (†) |   ---   (†)
__________________________|_____________|______________|______________|_______________|_________________|________________|____________|___________|_____________|___________|___________|_____________|______________|_____________|______________|_____________

---Data not available.


†Not applicable.
‡Reporting standards not met.
\1\Computed as the relation of science instructional time to the total instructional time averaged across students.
\2\Data are available for at least 50 but less than 70 percent of the students.
\3\Data are available for at least 70 but less than 85 percent of the students.
\4\Students who reported doing science investigations were asked about natural science; data pertain to grade 8 physics/chemistry courses for these students as well.
\5\SAR = Special Administrative Region.
\6\Data reported in the physics panel are for grade 8 science and chemistry teachers.
\7\Data reported in biology panel are for grade 8 biology/earth science teachers.
\8\Data reported in physics panel are for grade 8 physics/chemistry teachers.
\9\Students study only biology at grade 8.

NOTE: Data are for 8th grade or equivalent in most countries. Standard errors appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends In International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003, TIMSS 2003 International Science Report, by Michael O. Martin et al. (This table was prepared April 2005.)