Total public direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic product, by level and country: Selected years, 1985 to 2000

Table 416.

________________________________________________________________________________________________
                   |                          |  Primary and secondary |     Higher education
      Country      |      All institutions\1\ |       institutions     |        institutions
                   |__________________________|________________________|________________________
                   |1985|1990|1995|1999  |2000|1985|1990|1995|1999|2000|1985|1990|1995|1999|2000
___________________|____|____|____|______|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
         1         | 2  | 3  | 4  |  5   | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  |10  |11  | 12 | 13 | 14 |15  |16
___________________|____|____|____|______|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
Average for year ..| 5.3| 4.9| 4.9|   5.1| 5.2| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 1.1| 1.0| 0.9| 1.2| 1.2
Average for coun-  |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
  tries reporting  |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
  data for all     |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
  years ...........| 5.4| 5.2| 5.3|   5.6| 5.4| 3.7| 3.7| 3.6| 3.7| 3.6| 1.1| 1.1| 1.1| 1.4| 1.4
                   |____|____|____|______|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
Australia .........| 5.4| 4.3| 4.5|   5.0| 5.1| 3.5| 3.2| 3.2| 3.8| 3.9| 1.7| 1.0| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2
Austria ...........| 5.6| 5.2| 5.3|   6.3| 5.8| 3.7| 3.6| 3.8| 4.1| 3.8| 1.0| 1.0| 0.9| 1.7| 1.4
Belgium\2\ ........| 6.3| 4.8| 5.0|   5.5| 5.2| 4.0| 3.4| 3.4| 3.5| 3.4| 1.0| 0.8| 0.9| 1.5| 1.3
Canada ............| 6.1| 5.4| 5.8|   5.7| 5.5| 4.1| 3.7| 4.0| 3.5| 3.3| 2.0| 1.5| 1.5| 1.9| 2.0
Czech Republic ....| ---| ---| 4.8|   4.4| 4.4| ---| ---| 3.4| 3.0| 3.0| ---| ---| 0.7| 0.8| 0.8
                   |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
Denmark ...........| 6.2| 6.2| 6.5|   8.1| 8.4| 4.7| 4.4| 4.2| 4.8| 4.8| 1.2| 1.3| 1.3| 2.4| 2.5
Finland ...........| 5.8| 6.4| 6.6|   6.2| 6.0| ---| 4.3| 4.2| 3.8| 3.6| ---| 1.2| 1.7| 2.1| 2.0
France ............| ---| 5.1| 5.8|   6.0| 5.8| ---| 3.7| 4.1| 4.2| 4.1| ---| 0.8| 1.0| 1.1| 1.0
Germany\3\ ........| 4.6| ---| 4.5|   4.7| 4.5| 2.8| ---| 2.9| 3.0| 3.0| 1.0| ---| 1.0| 1.1| 1.1
Greece ............| ---| ---| 3.7|   3.6| 3.8| ---| ---| 2.8| 2.4| 2.7| ---| ---| 0.8| 1.1| 0.9
                   |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
Hungary ...........| ---| 5.0| 4.9|   4.7| 4.9| ---| 3.5| 3.3| 2.9| 3.1| ---| 0.8| 0.8| 0.9| 1.0
Iceland ...........| ---| 4.3| 4.5|   ---| 6.0| ---| 3.3| 3.4| ---| 4.7| ---| 0.6| 0.7| ---| 1.1
Ireland ...........| 5.6| 4.7| 4.7|   4.3| 4.4| 4.0| 3.3| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 0.9| 0.9| 0.9| 1.2| 1.3
Italy .............| 4.7| 5.8| 4.5|   4.5| 4.6| 3.2| 4.1| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| 0.6| 1.0| 0.7| 0.8| 0.8
Japan .............| ---| 3.6| 3.6|   3.5| 3.6| ---| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 2.7| ---| 0.4| 0.4| 0.5| 0.5
                   |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
Korea, Republic of | ---| ---| 3.6|   4.1| 4.3| ---| ---| 3.0| 3.2| 3.3| ---| ---| 0.3| 0.6| 0.7
Luxembourg ........| ---| ---| 4.3|   ---| ---| ---| ---| 4.2| ---| ---| ---| ---| 0.1| ---| ---
Mexico ............| ---| 3.2| 4.6|   4.4| 4.9| ---| 2.2| 3.4| 3.1| 3.4| ---| 0.7| 0.8| 0.8| 0.9
Netherlands .......| 6.2| 5.7| 4.6|   4.8| 4.8| 4.1| 3.6| 3.0| 3.1| 3.2| 1.5| 1.6| 1.1| 1.3| 1.3
New Zealand .......| ---| 5.5| 5.3|   6.3| 7.0| ---| 3.9| 3.8| 4.8| 4.9| ---| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.7
                   |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
Norway ............| 5.1| 6.2| 6.8|   7.4| 6.7| 4.0| 4.1| 4.1| 4.3| 3.9| 0.7| 1.1| 1.5| 2.0| 1.7
Poland ............| ---| ---| 5.2|   5.2| 5.2| ---| ---| 3.3| 3.6| 3.8| ---| ---| 0.8| 0.8| 0.8
Portugal ..........| ---| ---| 5.4|   5.7| 5.7| ---| ---| 4.1| 4.2| 4.2| ---| ---| 1.0| 1.0| 1.0
Russian Federation | ---| ---| 3.4|\4\3.0| 3.0| ---| ---| 1.9| ---| 1.7| ---| ---| 0.7| ---| 0.5
Spain .............| 3.6| 4.2| 4.8|   4.5| 4.4| 2.9| 3.2| 3.5| 3.3| 3.1| 0.4| 0.7| 0.8| 0.9| 1.0
                   |    |    |    |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
Sweden ............| ---| 5.3| 6.6|   7.7| 7.4| ---| 4.4| 4.4| 5.1| 4.9| ---| 1.0| 1.6| 2.1| 2.0
Switzerland .......| 4.9| 5.0| 5.5|   5.5| 5.4| 4.0| 3.7| 4.1| 4.0| 3.9| 0.9| 1.0| 1.1| 1.2| 1.2
Turkey ............| ---| 3.2| 2.2|   4.0| 3.5| ---| 2.3| 1.4| 2.9| 2.4| ---| 0.9| 0.8| 1.1| 1.1
United Kingdom ....| 4.9| 4.3| 4.6|   4.7| 4.8| 3.1| 3.5| 3.8| 3.3| 3.4| 1.0| 0.7| 0.7| 1.1| 1.0
United States .....| 4.7| 5.3| 5.0|   5.2| 5.0| 3.2| 3.8| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 1.3| 1.4| 1.1| 1.4| 1.1
___________________|____|____|____|______|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____

---Not available. \1\Includes preprimary and other expenditures not classified by level.
\2\Data are for Flemish Belgium only.
\3\Data for 1985 are for the former West Germany.
\4\Data are for 2000.

NOTE: Direct public expenditure on educational services includes both amounts spent directly by governments to hire educational personnel and to procure other resources, and amounts provided by governments to public or private institutions, or households. Figures for 1985 also include transfers and payments to private entities, and thus are not strictly comparable with later figures. Some data revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Education Database; Annual National Accounts, Vol. 1, 1997; and Education at a Glance, 2000 through 2003. (This table was prepared September 2003.)

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