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| Table 48. | Percent of 3- to 5-year-olds not yet enrolled in kindergarten who have participated in home literacy activities with a family member, by type of activity and selected child and family characteristics: 1993 and 1999 |
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|Children, in | Percent participating 3 or more times in the past week |
| thousands |_____________________________________________________________________| Visited a
Selected child and family |_____________| Read to by a | Told a story | Taught letters, | Did arts and | library\1\
characteristics | | | family member | by family member|words, or numbers| crafts |
| 1993 | 1999 |_______________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_______________
| | | 1993 | 1999 | 1993 | 1999 | 1993 | 1999 | 1993 | 1999 | 1993 | 1999
_________________________________|______|______|_______|_______|________|________|________|________|________|________|_______|_______
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13
_________________________________|______|______|_______|_______|________|________|________|________|________|________|_______|_______
Total .........................| 8,579| 8,525|78(0.6)|82(0.7)|43 (0.9)|50 (1.0)|58 (0.8)|64 (0.9)|34 (0.8)|39 (1.0)|38(1.0)|37(0.9)
|______|______|_______|_______|________|________|________|________|________|________|_______|_______
Age | | | | | | | | | | | |
3 years old ...................| 3,889| 3,814|79(1.0)|82(1.1)|46 (1.3)|53 (1.5)|57 (1.3)|66 (1.4)|34 (1.3)|41 (1.5)|34(1.3)|33(1.4)
4 years old ...................| 3,713| 3,705|78(1.0)|82(1.1)|41 (1.5)|48 (1.5)|58 (1.1)|63 (1.4)|33 (1.1)|38 (1.4)|41(1.5)|39(1.4)
5 years old ...................| 976| 1,006|76(2.1)|79(2.4)|36 (2.7)|45 (2.9)|58 (2.8)|65 (2.7)|33 (2.3)|35 (2.7)|38(2.7)|42(2.9)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Sex | | | | | | | | | | | |
Male .........................| 4,453| 4,364|77(1.0)|81(1.0)|43 (1.2)|50 (1.4)|58 (1.0)|64 (1.3)|31 (1.0)|38 (1.3)|38(1.5)|35(1.3)
Female ........................| 4,126| 4,162|79(1.0)|82(1.1)|43 (1.2)|50 (1.4)|58 (1.3)|65 (1.4)|36 (1.2)|40 (1.4)|38(1.1)|38(1.4)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | | | | | | | |
White, non-Hispanic ...........| 5,902| 5,389|85(0.7)|89(0.8)|44 (1.0)|53 (1.3)|58 (0.9)|65 (1.2)|36 (1.0)|44 (1.2)|42(1.3)|40(1.2)
Black, non-Hispanic ...........| 1,271| 1,214|66(2.3)|72(2.4)|39 (2.7)|44 (2.7)|63 (2.7)|67 (2.6)|28 (2.4)|27 (2.3)|29(2.6)|34(2.5)
Hispanic ......................| 1,026| 1,376|58(2.4)|62(2.1)|38 (2.2)|40 (2.1)|54 (1.9)|57 (2.2)|25 (2.1)|32 (2.0)|26(1.6)|24(1.8)
Other .........................| 381| 547|73(3.8)|82(3.0)|50 (5.3)|54 (4.0)|59 (3.9)|68 (3.8)|32 (3.2)|33 (3.9)|43(4.5)|43(4.0)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Mother's highest level | | | | | | | | | | | |
of education\2\ | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less than high school .........| 1,036| 1,083|60(2.7)|64(2.6)|37 (3.2)|37 (2.8)|56 (2.7)|56 (2.9)|25 (2.2)|27 (2.5)|22(2.7)|17(2.1)
High school diploma | | | | | | | | | | | |
or equivalent ...............| 3,268| 2,360|76(1.3)|77(1.6)|41 (1.3)|49 (1.9)|56 (1.3)|66 (1.9)|30 (1.2)|39 (1.9)|31(1.8)|31(1.8)
Vocational/technical | | | | | | | | | | | |
or some college .............| 2,624| 2,596|83(1.4)|85(1.2)|45 (1.7)|52 (1.7)|60 (1.5)|67 (1.6)|38 (1.6)|40 (1.7)|44(2.0)|40(1.7)
Bachelor's degree .............| 912| 1,485|90(1.6)|92(1.2)|48 (2.4)|55 (2.2)|56 (2.2)|66 (2.1)|37 (2.3)|43 (2.2)|55(2.2)|51(2.2)
Graduate/professional | | | | | | | | | | | |
training or degree ..........| 569| 727|90(2.1)|93(1.5)|50 (3.1)|52 (3.2)|60 (2.7)|61 (3.1)|42 (3.0)|48 (3.2)|59(3.4)|49(3.2)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Mother's employment status\2\ | | | | | | | | | | | |
Employed ......................| 4,486| 5,097|79(1.0)|82(1.0)|44 (1.0)|50 (1.3)|57 (1.2)|65 (1.2)|33 (1.1)|37 (1.2)|39(1.2)|36(1.2)
Unemployed ....................| 594| 443|71(3.4)|73(3.5)|43 (2.9)|49 (4.3)|66 (3.6)|64 (4.1)|34 (3.9)|40 (4.2)|37(3.7)|31(3.9)
Not in labor force ............| 3,328| 2,712|79(1.3)|84(1.3)|43 (1.4)|50 (1.8)|58 (1.5)|65 (1.7)|34 (1.4)|43 (1.7)|37(1.4)|41(1.7)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Family composition of household | | | | | | | | | | | |
Two parents ...................| 6,226| 6,058|81(0.7)|85(0.8)|44 (0.9)|52 (1.1)|57 (0.9)|64 (1.1)|35 (0.9)|42 (1.1)|41(1.2)|40(1.1)
None or one parent ............| 2,353| 2,467|71(1.7)|74(1.7)|41 (2.0)|44 (1.9)|59 (2.1)|65 (1.9)|30 (1.9)|33 (1.8)|30(1.7)|29(1.8)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Poverty status | | | | | | | | | | | |
Above poverty threshold .......| 6,323| 6,683|82(0.7)|85(0.7)|44 (0.9)|52 (1.0)|57 (0.8)|66 (1.0)|36 (0.9)|41 (1.0)|41(1.2)|40(1.0)
At or below poverty threshold .| 2,256| 1,842|68(1.6)|70(2.2)|39 (1.8)|42 (2.5)|59 (2.0)|59 (2.5)|27 (1.9)|34 (2.4)|28(2.0)|24(2.1)
_________________________________|______|______|_______|_______|________|________|________|________|________|________|_______|_______
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| \1\Refers to visiting a library at least once in the past month. NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Survey, Home Literacy Activities and Signs of Children's Emerging Literacy, 1993 and 1999. (This table was prepared June 2001.)
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