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Table 8.1. |
Percentage of students ages 12–18 who reported that gangs were present at school, by urbanicity and selected student or school characteristics: Various years, 2001–2009 |
| Student or school characteristic | 2001 | 2003 | 2005 | 20071 | 20091 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Total | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Total | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Total | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Total | Urban | Suburban | Rural | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 20.1 | 28.9 | 18.3 | 13.3 | 20.9 | 30.9 | 18.4 | 12.3 | 24.2 | 36.2 | 20.8 | 16.4 | 23.2 | 32.3 | 21.0 | 15.5 | 20.4 | 30.7 | 16.6 | 16.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 21.4 | 31.9 | 18.9 | 14.0 | 22.3 | 32.1 | 20.5 | 12.2 | 25.3 | 37.4 | 22.4 | 16.1 | 25.1 | 35.3 | 23.1 | 14.9 | 20.9 | 32.8 | 17.2 | 13.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 18.8 | 25.9 | 17.5 | 12.5 | 19.5 | 29.7 | 16.3 | 12.4 | 22.9 | 35.0 | 19.1 | 16.7 | 21.3 | 29.2 | 18.9 | 16.1 | 19.9 | 28.6 | 16.0 | 18.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Race/ethnicity2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 15.5 | 20.5 | 15.4 | 12.1 | 14.2 | 19.8 | 13.8 | 10.7 | 16.8 | 23.7 | 16.0 | 14.1 | 16.0 | 23.4 | 15.9 | 10.9 | 14.1 | 19.4 | 13.5 | 11.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Black | 28.6 | 32.4 | 25.4 | 22.5 | 29.5 | 32.8 | 28.3 | 21.8 | ! | 37.6 | 41.8 | 36.2 | 24.4 | 37.6 | 39.7 | 35.5 | 36.8 | 31.4 | 40.0 | 20.2 | 35.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 32.0 | 40.3 | 27.1 | 16.8 | ! | 37.2 | 42.6 | 34.6 | 12.7 | ! | 38.9 | 48.9 | 32.1 | 26.2 | 36.1 | 40.4 | 33.3 | 27.5 | ! | 33.0 | 38.9 | 28.3 | 27.3 | ! | ||||||||||||||||
| Asian | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20.2 | 25.0 | 18.1 | 19.0 | ! | 17.4 | 18.4 | 16.3 | ‡ | 17.2 | 18.9 | 14.5 | ‡ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 21.4 | 27.0 | 20.0 | ‡ | 22.0 | 30.6 | 18.2 | ‡ | 27.7 | 33.9 | 29.0 | ‡ | 26.4 | 31.9 | 29.0 | 14.3 | ! | 15.3 | 23.2 | ! | 14.8 | ! | ‡ | |||||||||||||||||
| Grade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6th | 11.2 | 14.9 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 21.6 | 7.5 | ‡ | 12.1 | 19.9 | 8.9 | 8.3 | ! | 15.3 | 17.8 | 14.0 | 15.6 | ! | 11.0 | 14.5 | 9.7 | 8.3 | ! | |||||||||||||||||
| 7th | 15.7 | 23.7 | 13.7 | 8.9 | 16.3 | 25.5 | 13.2 | 9.4 | 17.3 | 24.2 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 17.4 | 24.1 | 15.4 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 21.0 | 11.2 | 16.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 8th | 17.3 | 24.0 | 16.6 | 10.1 | 17.9 | 25.2 | 16.2 | 10.9 | 19.1 | 30.5 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 20.6 | 25.9 | 19.6 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 24.4 | 11.8 | 14.2 | ! | |||||||||||||||||||
| 9th | 24.3 | 35.3 | 20.8 | 18.9 | 26.1 | 38.2 | 24.3 | 13.8 | 28.3 | 40.3 | 24.8 | 21.0 | 28.0 | 41.1 | 23.1 | 21.7 | 24.9 | 34.2 | 22.4 | 18.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 10th | 23.6 | 33.1 | 22.3 | 14.4 | 26.3 | 35.3 | 24.1 | 18.0 | 32.6 | 50.6 | 27.9 | 22.0 | 28.1 | 38.6 | 26.6 | 15.2 | 27.7 | 44.8 | 21.0 | 19.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 11th | 24.2 | 34.2 | 22.7 | 15.8 | 23.4 | 34.6 | 20.4 | 15.0 | 28.0 | 44.3 | 25.5 | 13.3 | ! | 25.9 | 34.7 | 23.6 | 18.7 | 22.6 | 34.9 | 19.4 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 12th | 21.1 | 34.1 | 18.6 | 11.5 | ! | 22.2 | 34.8 | 19.3 | 13.3 | 27.9 | 39.5 | 25.1 | 15.8 | ! | 24.4 | 38.4 | 22.4 | 7.6 | ! | 21.9 | 36.0 | 17.6 | 17.3 | ! | ||||||||||||||||
| Sector | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 21.6 | 31.9 | 19.5 | 13.7 | 22.5 | 33.7 | 19.9 | 12.8 | 25.8 | 39.1 | 22.3 | 17.2 | 24.9 | 35.6 | 22.7 | 15.6 | 22.0 | 33.7 | 18.1 | 16.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Private | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.3 | ! | ‡ | 3.9 | 6.0 | 2.4 | ! | ‡ | 4.2 | 7.7 | 3.0 | ! | ‡ | 5.2 | 7.3 | 2.8 | ! | 11.8 | ! | 2.3 | ! | 4.1 | ! | ‡ | ‡ | |||||||||||||
| — Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 30 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 In 2007 and 2009, the reference period was the school year, whereas in prior survey years the reference period was the previous 6 months. Cognitive testing showed that estimates from 2007 and 2009 are comparable to previous years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Other includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian (prior to 2005), Pacific Islander, and, from 2003 onward, two or more races. Due to changes in racial/ethnic categories, comparisons of race/ethnicity across years should be made with caution. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Urbanicity refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status of the respondent’s household as defined in 2000 by the U.S. Census Bureau. Categories include "central city of an MSA (Urban)," "in MSA but not in central city (Suburban)," and "not MSA (Rural)." All gangs, whether or not they are involved in violent or illegal activity, are included. "At school" includes the school building, on school property, on a school bus, or going to and from school. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey, various years, 2001–2009. |
