Elementary and Secondary Education

School Characteristics and Climate

Table A-30-1. Number and percentage distribution of staff employed in public elementary and secondary schools, by school level, staff type, and selected school characteristics: School years 1999–2000 and 2007–08

	1999–2000
School level and characteristic	Total staff		Professional instructional staff											Student services professional staff										Aides
			Total		Principals¹	Teachers		Instructional coordinators and supervisors		Librarians/ library media specialists		School counselors		Total		Nurses		Social workers and psycholo-gists		Speech therapists		Other professional staff		Total		Special needs aides²		Other aides³		Other staff⁴



Total⁵
Total, number	4,893,000		3,296,500		143,200	2,921,200		51,300		74,000		106,900		263,500		57,400		74,900		65,500		65,700		593,600		304,800		288,900		739,300
Total, percentage	100.0		67.4		2.9	59.7		1.0		1.5		2.2		5.4		1.2		1.5		1.3		1.3		12.1		6.2		5.9		15.1

Elementary
Total, number	3,215,100		2,108,600		89,600	1,880,800		30,900		51,500		55,700		190,500		40,500		52,800		51,300		45,800		463,800		220,900		243,000		452,200
Total, percentage	100.0		65.6		2.8	58.5		1.0		1.6		1.7		5.9		1.3		1.6		1.6		1.4		14.4		6.9		7.6		14.1

School type
Regular	3,041,400		65.7		2.8	58.7		0.9		1.6		1.7		5.9		1.3		1.6		1.6		1.4		14.4		6.8		7.6		14.1
Special emphasis⁶	144,000		64.5		2.8	57.2		1.2		1.5		1.7		6.6		1.1		1.5		1.6		2.4		14.7		7.4		7.3		14.2
Special education	7,300		55.4		3.0	48.1		0.8	!	0.8		2.6		12.4		1.6		3.7		2.7		4.4		23.1		21.2		1.9		9.1
Vocational/technical	†		†		†	†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†
Alternative	22,300		57.7		4.2	49.5		1.0		1.5		1.6		9.6		1.5		2.7		1.8		3.6		16.9		10.1		6.8		15.7

Enrollment size
Less than 300	418,300		60.4		3.6	51.5		0.9		2.3		2.1		8.3		1.9		2.4		2.3		1.7		15.6		6.8		8.8		15.7
300–499	901,400		64.2		2.6	57.1		0.9		1.9		1.6		6.5		1.4		1.7		1.7		1.6		14.8		6.8		8.0		14.6
500–999	1,580,900		66.9		2.7	60.2		1.0		1.4		1.7		5.3		1.1		1.5		1.5		1.3		14.4		7.0		7.4		13.4
1,000 or more	314,500		70.1		2.8	63.2		1.1		1.1		2.0		4.2		0.8		1.2		1.0		1.2		12.0		6.5		5.5		13.7

Percentage of students approved for
free or reduced-price lunch
0–25 percent	1,023,100		67.1		2.6	60.2		0.9		1.6		1.7		6.1		1.3		1.7		1.6		1.5		12.9		6.8		6.1		13.9
26–50 percent	856,000		65.3		2.8	58.3		0.7		1.7		1.8		6.0		1.3		1.6		1.6		1.5		14.5		6.7		7.8		14.2
51–75 percent	639,500		64.4		2.8	57.4		0.9		1.5		1.8		5.7		1.2		1.5		1.6		1.4		15.7		7.2		8.5		14.2
76–100 percent	556,300		64.3		2.9	56.8		1.5		1.5		1.7		5.7		1.3		1.6		1.5		1.3		16.0		7.0		8.9		14.0
School did not participate in
free or reduced-price lunch	140,200		66.8		3.1	59.3		1.1		1.7		1.7		6.6		1.4		2.1		1.8		1.2		12.9		5.9		7.0		13.7

Secondary
Total, number	1,534,000		1,102,100		48,600	966,200		18,700		20,700		47,900		61,200		14,500		18,900		11,200		16,600		108,500		69,700		38,800		262,100
Total, percentage	100.0		71.8		3.2	63.0		1.2		1.3		3.1		4.0		0.9		1.2		0.7		1.1		7.1		4.5		2.5		17.1

School type
Regular	1,369,400		72.4		3.1	63.6		1.2		1.4		3.1		3.7		0.9		1.2		0.7		0.9		7.0		4.6		2.4		16.9
Special emphasis⁶	78,000		72.3		3.1	63.3		1.4		1.2		3.3		3.9		0.8		1.1		0.6		1.3		6.1		3.7		2.5		17.7
Special education	4,600		53.4		3.3	45.4		1.6		1.1		2.0		16.1		3.4		5.4		3.3		4.0		18.5		15.5		3.0		12.0
Vocational/technical	37,600		69.1		3.7	59.7		1.9		0.7		3.0		4.7		1.1		0.8		0.6	!	2.2	!	6.8		3.8		3.0		19.4
Alternative	44,400		59.3		5.9	47.0		1.4		0.9		4.1		10.8		2.0		3.7		0.8		4.2		10.5		3.6		6.9		19.4

Enrollment size
Less than 300	152,600		63.6		4.3	52.9		1.0		2.2		3.2		7.7		1.7		2.3		1.6		2.1		9.5		4.8		4.6		19.3
300–499	149,200		70.4		3.5	61.1		1.0		2.0		2.8		5.0		1.4		1.5		1.1		1.1		7.4		4.3		3.0		17.2
500–999	416,700		71.9		3.1	63.2		1.2		1.4		3.0		4.2		1.0		1.3		0.8		1.1		7.0		4.6		2.4		16.9
1,000 or more	815,500		73.7		2.9	65.1		1.3		1.1		3.3		3.0		0.7		1.0		0.5		0.9		6.6		4.5		2.1		16.8

Percentage of students approved for
free or reduced-price lunch
0–25 percent	802,600		72.7		3.0	63.9		1.4		1.3		3.1		3.7		0.9		1.2		0.7		1.0		6.7		4.4		2.3		16.9
26–50 percent	350,100		71.8		3.3	63.0		0.9		1.5		3.1		3.9		1.0		1.2		0.8		0.9		7.3		4.8		2.4		17.1
51–75 percent	146,500		69.5		3.5	60.8		0.9		1.5		2.9		4.5		1.0		1.2		0.9		1.3		8.3		5.1		3.2		17.8
76–100 percent	105,000		69.6		3.6	60.3		1.2		1.3		3.2		5.2		1.2		1.7		0.9		1.4		8.3		4.4		3.9		17.0
School did not participate in
free or reduced-price lunch	129,900		71.3		3.2	62.3		1.4		1.1		3.3		4.5		1.1		1.3		0.6		1.6		6.7		4.2		2.5		17.4
	2007–08
Total⁵
Total, number	5,795,800		3,706,900		162,600	3,291,400		64,100		73,800		114,900		275,100		64,700		73,800		68,100		68,500		795,900		391,100		404,700		1,017,900
Total, percentage	100.0		64.0		2.8	56.8		1.1		1.3		2.0		4.7		1.1		1.3		1.2		1.2		13.7		6.7		7.0		17.6

Elementary
Total, number	3,706,000		2,320,400		99,000	2,069,200		43,900		51,300		56,900		194,700		44,900		49,300		54,000		46,600		576,100		263,300		312,800		614,800
Total, percentage	100.0		62.6		2.7	55.8		1.2		1.4		1.5		5.3		1.2		1.3		1.5		1.3		15.5		7.1		8.4		16.6

School type
Regular	3,547,800		62.7		2.7	56.0		1.2		1.4		1.5		5.1		1.2		1.3		1.4		1.1		15.6		7.1		8.5		16.6
Special emphasis⁶	113,600		65.1		3.0	57.0		2.0		1.3		1.9		6.5		1.2		1.3		1.3		2.8	!	11.6		4.5		7.2		16.7
Special education	19,000	!	39.6	!	2.6	34.7	!	1.4	!	0.7	!	0.2	!	11.0	!	2.0		2.2		4.1	!	2.7	!	37.2	!	32.2	!	5.0	!	12.2
Vocational/technical	†		†		†	†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†		†
Alternative	24,600	!	55.4		2.6	48.3		1.3	!	1.3		1.8	!	17.2	!	1.2		1.5	!	1.7		12.8	!	13.6		6.0		7.5	!	13.8

Enrollment size
Less than 300	501,500		58.1		3.1	50.5		0.9		1.9		1.7		6.8		1.7		1.7		1.9		1.5		17.4		7.6		9.9		17.7
300–499	1,155,500		61.2		2.5	54.6		1.2		1.5		1.4		5.8		1.3		1.5		1.6		1.4		16.5		7.3		9.2		16.5
500–999	1,723,300		64.0		2.6	57.3		1.3		1.2		1.5		4.8		1.1		1.2		1.3		1.2		15.0		6.9		8.1		16.2
1,000 or more	325,600		67.1		2.7	60.6		1.1		0.9		1.9		3.3		0.7		0.9		0.9		0.8		12.1		6.9		5.2		17.4

Percentage of students approved for
free or reduced-price lunch
0–25 percent	1,035,400		63.2		2.5	56.8		1.0		1.4		1.5		5.7		1.3		1.4		1.6		1.4		15.8		7.9		7.9		15.4
26–50 percent	956,200		63.2		2.7	56.5		0.9		1.4		1.6		5.2		1.3		1.3		1.5		1.2		14.8		6.7		8.1		16.8
51–75 percent	866,900		62.2		2.7	55.4		1.2		1.4		1.5		4.9		1.1		1.3		1.5		1.0		15.8		6.9		8.9		17.1
76–100 percent	799,500		61.6		2.9	54.2		1.7		1.3		1.5		5.2		1.2		1.4		1.3		1.3		15.8		6.8		9.0		17.4
School did not participate in
free or reduced-price lunch	47,900		62.9		3.1	56.7		0.8	!	1.3		0.9		5.9		1.3		2.0		1.7		0.9	!	16.2		5.3		10.9		15.0

Secondary
Total, number	1,773,000		1,205,000		53,600	1,062,700		17,800		19,100		51,800		60,500		15,700		19,600		9,700		15,400		163,000		96,200		66,800		344,600
Total, percentage	100.0		68.0		3.0	59.9		1.0		1.1		2.9		3.4		0.9		1.1		0.5		0.9		9.2		5.4		3.8		19.4

School type
Regular	1,590,000		68.3		2.9	60.5		1.0		1.1		2.9		3.1		0.8		1.0		0.6		0.7		9.1		5.6		3.5		19.4
Special emphasis⁶	47,800		67.9		4.1	58.3		1.1		1.1		3.4		4.4		1.1	!	1.0		0.6		1.7		6.9		3.3		3.6	!	20.9
Special education	12,700	!	48.5		3.5	40.0		1.0	!	0.3	!	3.6	!	10.3	!	1.4	!	5.3	!	1.7	!	1.9	!	27.9		13.4	!	14.5	!	13.3
Vocational/technical	55,500		67.0		3.2	59.0		1.5		0.5		2.7		3.4		0.8		0.6	!	0.2		1.9	!	7.7		2.0		5.7		21.9
Alternative	67,100		63.6		5.9	51.7		1.0	!	1.0		4.0		7.6		1.9		2.6		0.5		2.6		9.6		3.4		6.1		19.2

Enrollment size
Less than 300	154,900		61.9		4.7	51.8		0.8		1.6		3.0		6.5		1.7		2.1		0.9		1.8		11.0		5.1		5.9		20.6
300–499	157,600		66.4		3.4	57.8		0.8		1.7		2.7		4.4		1.3		1.4		0.8		0.8		9.4		5.2		4.2		19.8
500–999	430,800		67.6		3.1	59.5		1.0		1.2		2.8		3.5		1.0		1.2		0.6		0.7		9.5		5.6		3.9		19.4
1,000 or more	1,029,700		69.2		2.7	61.6		1.1		0.8		3.0		2.8		0.7		0.9		0.4		0.8		8.8		5.4		3.3		19.2

Percentage of students approved for
free or reduced-price lunch
0–25 percent	709,500		68.3		2.7	60.5		1.2		1.0		3.0		3.2		0.8		1.1		0.5		0.7		9.1		5.5		3.6		19.4
26–50 percent	574,600		68.5		3.0	60.7		0.7		1.2		2.9		3.2		0.9		1.0		0.6		0.8		8.7		5.3		3.4		19.6
51–75 percent	268,300		67.7		3.2	59.5		1.0		1.1		2.8		3.4		0.9		1.0		0.5		1.0		9.4		5.7		3.7		19.4
76–100 percent	166,600		66.1		3.5	57.6		1.1		1.0		2.8		4.3		1.1		1.3		0.6		1.3		10.2		5.2		5.0		19.3
School did not participate in
free or reduced-price lunch	54,000		64.5		4.8	54.6		1.1		0.6		3.4	!	5.7		1.0		1.8		0.6		2.3		11.1		4.5		6.5		18.8
† Not applicable.
! Interpret data with caution (estimates are unstable).
¹ Includes principals, vice principals, and assistant principals.
²Includes English as a second language (ESL)/bilingual aides and special education instructional aides. In 1999–2000, it also includes special education noninstructional aides.
³ Includes all other aides: regular Title I aides, library media center instructional and noninstructional aides, and other classroom instructional and noninstructional aides.
⁴Includes secretaries and other support staff; food service personnel; custodial, maintenance, and security personnel; and other employees not reported separately above.
⁵ Included in the total but not shown separately are staff in combined schools.
⁶Includes schools with a special program emphasis, such as science/math schools, performing arts schools, talented/gifted schools, foreign language immersion schools, etc.
NOTE: Estimates are for the number of full-time-equivalent staff and include both full- and part-time staff. Full-time-equivalent calculations were completed for part-time staff within each staff category. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For more information on free or reduced-price lunch, see supplemental note 1. For more information on the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), see supplemental note 3
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), "Public School Data File," 1999–2000 and 2007–08 and "Public Charter School Data File," 1999–2000.

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