Participation in Education

Elementary/Secondary Enrollment

Table S-32-1. Standard errors for the number and percentage distribution of students in grades 1–12 according to type of school attended, by student and household characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2007

	Public, assigned					Public, chosen					Private, church-related					Private, not church-related
Characteristic	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007	1993	1996	1999	2003	2007
Number of students (in thousands)	170	230	210	280	360	150	180	170	210	300	130	130	120	160	180	50	70	60	80	110
Total (percent)	0.40	0.49	0.42	0.55	0.69	0.35	0.40	0.35	0.43	0.64	0.30	0.27	0.27	0.34	0.37	0.11	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.24

Grade level
1–5	0.63	0.67	0.64	0.74	1.31	0.44	0.54	0.51	0.65	1.25	0.41	0.36	0.42	0.46	0.59	0.14	0.20	0.19	0.24	0.43
6–8	1.16	0.87	0.78	0.99	1.09	1.34	0.62	0.66	0.83	0.83	0.50	0.48	0.43	0.56	0.65	1.89	0.23	0.23	0.36	0.46
9–12	0.79	0.70	0.69	0.82	1.12	0.53	0.64	0.61	0.71	0.98	0.55	0.43	0.37	0.54	0.74	0.28	0.30	0.23	0.27	0.33

Race/ethnicity
White	0.51	0.56	0.53	0.64	0.74	0.43	0.40	0.39	0.52	0.51	0.39	0.35	0.36	0.46	0.54	0.16	0.21	0.19	0.22	0.34
Black	0.98	1.40	1.22	1.51	2.50	0.85	1.31	1.21	1.53	2.34	0.36	0.42	0.45	0.64	0.62	0.16	0.27	0.27	0.50	0.54
Hispanic	1.12	1.07	0.99	1.17	1.48	1.03	0.91	0.95	1.03	1.37	0.48	0.66	0.40	0.67	0.59	0.19	0.34	0.19	0.20	0.30
Other	2.77	1.77	2.18	2.56	2.04	2.93	1.75	1.99	2.10	1.84	1.39	1.16	1.14	1.40	0.84	0.66	0.64	0.65	0.93	0.75

Family type
Two-parent household	0.52	0.53	0.49	0.65	0.70	0.45	0.38	0.37	0.55	0.55	0.31	0.39	0.38	0.46	0.49	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.19	0.31
One-parent household	0.80	0.87	0.74	1.08	1.30	0.62	0.90	0.60	0.94	1.28	0.45	0.45	0.39	0.52	0.59	0.15	0.22	0.27	0.33	0.53
Nonparent guardians	2.33	2.87	2.63	2.92	6.33	2.01	2.10	2.69	2.54	6.56	0.50	0.68	0.81	1.18	1.07	0.36	1.63	0.44	0.78	0.32

Poverty status
Poor	1.11	1.05	1.13	1.18	2.53	1.07	0.97	1.06	1.06	2.68	0.39	0.42	0.40	0.58	0.52	0.18	0.33	0.29	0.40	0.36
Near-poor	0.64	0.91	0.76	1.08	1.35	0.68	0.74	0.74	0.74	1.19	0.44	0.44	0.48	0.59	0.73	0.10	0.22	0.21	0.33	0.24
Nonpoor	0.50	0.55	0.53	0.69	0.71	0.32	0.40	0.34	0.34	0.52	0.44	0.41	0.45	0.51	0.53	0.21	0.19	0.22	0.22	0.36

Parents’ education
Less than high school	1.15	1.71	1.40	1.91	1.89	1.13	1.52	1.50	1.83	1.81	0.48	0.48	0.41	0.86	0.73	0.13	0.68	0.34	0.47	0.41
High school diploma or equivalent	0.63	0.84	0.81	1.02	1.85	0.60	0.75	0.74	0.92	1.79	0.33	0.42	0.38	0.36	0.61	0.15	0.13	0.24	0.30	0.36
Some college, including vocational/technical	0.74	0.86	0.74	0.94	1.26	0.69	0.74	0.65	0.80	1.19	0.45	0.48	0.42	0.51	0.61	0.19	0.22	0.18	0.26	0.22
Bachelor’s degree	1.38	1.21	1.10	1.07	1.30	0.71	0.99	0.80	0.87	1.27	0.98	0.91	0.76	0.99	0.74	0.37	0.38	0.38	0.35	0.41
Graduate/professional degree	1.06	1.23	1.07	1.38	1.37	0.67	0.89	0.74	1.12	1.07	0.86	1.02	0.81	1.05	0.99	0.52	0.52	0.59	0.61	0.88

Region
Northeast	0.82	1.01	1.09	1.47	1.69	0.64	0.91	0.84	1.04	1.47	0.72	0.93	0.57	0.95	0.99	0.38	0.43	0.44	0.54	0.50
South	0.61	0.63	0.62	0.90	1.22	0.44	0.50	0.54	0.74	1.05	0.29	0.39	0.38	0.48	0.54	0.17	0.25	0.23	0.26	0.32
Midwest	0.81	0.92	0.79	1.31	1.42	0.61	0.75	0.75	0.93	1.10	0.55	0.66	0.59	1.08	0.91	0.18	0.20	0.19	0.32	0.54
West	1.09	0.95	0.88	1.15	1.40	0.99	0.77	0.75	1.06	1.29	0.48	0.54	0.43	0.51	0.59	0.21	0.26	0.26	0.35	0.51

Community type
Urban, inside of urbanized areas	0.52	0.65	0.55	0.62	†	0.36	0.59	0.44	0.52	†	0.39	0.41	0.35	0.40	†	0.13	0.19	0.21	0.23	†
Urban, outside of urbanized areas	0.84	1.13	1.10	1.59	†	0.77	0.91	0.93	1.34	†	0.44	0.67	0.60	0.96	†	0.22	0.32	0.26	0.39	†
Rural	1.14	0.76	0.75	1.24	†	1.11	0.60	0.64	1.17	†	0.47	0.43	0.43	0.68	†	0.22	0.30	0.20	0.29	†

Locale
City	†	†	†	†	1.58	†	†	†	†	1.59	†	†	†	†	0.71	†	†	†	†	0.68
Suburb	†	†	†	†	0.91	†	†	†	†	0.70	†	†	†	†	0.63	†	†	†	†	0.32
Town	†	†	†	†	1.79	†	†	†	†	1.55	†	†	†	†	0.76	†	†	†	†	0.40
Rural	†	†	†	†	1.45	†	†	†	†	1.13	†	†	†	†	0.99	†	†	†	†	0.29
† Not applicable.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES), 1993, School Safety and Discipline Survey of the NHES, 1993, Parent and Family Involvement/Civic Involvement Survey of the NHES, 1996, Parent Survey of the NHES, 1999, and Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the NHES, 2003 and 2007.

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