Elementary and Secondary Education

Assessments

Table S-3-2. Standard errors for the percentage of children demonstrating proficiency in various cognitive and motor skills at about 2 years old, by selected child and family characteristics: 2003-04

Characteristic	Percent of children demonstrating proficiency in cognitive skills					Percent of children demonstrating proficiency in motor skills
Characteristic	Receptive vocabulary	Expressive vocabulary	Listening comprehension	Matching discrimination	Early counting	Skillful walking	Balance	Fine motor control	Uses stairs	Alternating balance	Motor planning
Total	0.38	0.53	0.42	0.39	0.14	0.20	0.33	0.48	0.41	0.47	0.21
Sex
Male	0.56	0.76	0.58	0.53	0.16	0.26	0.43	0.52	0.44	0.47	0.20
Female	0.38	0.59	0.50	0.48	0.20	0.20	0.32	0.53	0.47	0.55	0.26

Race/ethnicity
White	0.40	0.63	0.52	0.49	0.21	0.23	0.38	0.58	0.50	0.59	0.26
Black	0.93	1.18	0.86	0.75	0.21	0.40	0.66	0.94	0.79	0.87	0.37
Hispanic	0.99	1.19	0.83	0.73	0.16	0.42	0.69	0.76	0.65	0.66	0.27
Asian	1.24	1.41	0.94	0.83	0.27	0.40	0.66	0.92	0.73	0.77	0.29
Pacific Islander	4.10	5.76	4.24	3.56	0.36	1.32	2.26	3.94	2.95	3.18	1.21
American Indian/Alaska Native	4.02	4.18	2.70	2.24	0.28	0.71	1.30	1.16	0.92	1.07	0.46
More than one race	0.98	1.60	1.36	1.35	0.57	0.53	0.92	1.30	1.07	1.19	0.53

Primary type of care arrangement
No regular nonparental
arrangement	0.50	0.70	0.56	0.52	0.17	0.26	0.43	0.55	0.47	0.52	0.22
Home-based care
Relative care	0.70	1.04	0.84	0.78	0.29	0.30	0.49	0.79	0.67	0.77	0.35
Nonrelative care	0.72	1.00	0.81	0.76	0.29	0.27	0.46	0.73	0.63	0.74	0.35
Center-based care	0.69	0.99	0.84	0.82	0.47	0.31	0.50	0.70	0.61	0.74	0.37
Multiple arrangements	5.66	7.07	5.92	5.68	2.87	1.70	2.97	3.41	2.92	3.29	1.62

Parents’ highest level of education
Less than high school	0.97	1.28	0.92	0.78	0.13	0.43	0.71	0.84	0.69	0.71	0.28
High school diploma or equivalent	0.61	0.86	0.66	0.61	0.17	0.31	0.50	0.69	0.59	0.65	0.27
Some college	0.61	0.86	0.70	0.66	0.21	0.29	0.49	0.67	0.57	0.64	0.29
Bachelor’s degree	0.66	1.11	0.99	0.98	0.47	0.31	0.52	0.79	0.67	0.78	0.37
Any graduate education	0.60	0.93	0.79	0.78	0.37	0.36	0.61	0.80	0.68	0.77	0.35

Mother’s employment status
Full-time (35 hours or more)	0.57	0.83	0.66	0.62	0.24	0.25	0.42	0.65	0.56	0.66	0.31
Part-time (less than 35 hours)	0.64	0.98	0.84	0.80	0.37	0.28	0.47	0.70	0.58	0.66	0.30
Looking for work	1.28	1.77	1.33	1.20	0.24	0.48	0.81	1.04	0.85	0.91	0.37
Not in labor force	0.56	0.77	0.63	0.60	0.21	0.26	0.42	0.56	0.48	0.54	0.24
No mother in household	4.59	6.99	5.93	5.54	2.84	1.33	2.31	3.88	3.08	3.45	1.38

Poverty status
In poverty	0.85	1.11	0.81	0.72	0.18	0.32	0.53	0.70	0.60	0.67	0.28
At or above poverty	0.37	0.53	0.44	0.42	0.18	0.21	0.35	0.53	0.45	0.51	0.23

Socioeconomic status (SES)
Lowest 20 percent	0.87	1.11	0.81	0.71	0.20	0.34	0.57	0.74	0.63	0.68	0.28
Middle 60 percent	0.48	0.68	0.55	0.51	0.17	0.24	0.40	0.59	0.51	0.58	0.26
Highest 20 percent	0.44	0.80	0.70	0.70	0.38	0.24	0.41	0.65	0.55	0.64	0.29
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), Longitudinal 9-month–2-year Restricted-Use Data File and Longitudinal 9-month–Preschool Restricted-Use Data File.

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