Participation in Education

Preprimary Education

Table S33-1. Standard errors for the percentage of prekindergarten children ages 3–5 who participated in home literacy activities with a family member three or more times in the preceding week, by selected child and family characteristics: 1993 and 2005

	Read to		Told a story		Taught letters, words, or numbers		Taught songs or music
Child or family characteristic	1993	2005	1993	2005	1993	2005	1993	2005

Total	0.66	0.75	0.89	1.03	0.79	0.89	0.86	1.08
Age
3	0.99	1.21	1.33	1.91	1.27	1.19	1.33	1.49
4	1.00	1.32	1.52	1.60	1.11	1.46	1.24	1.62
5	2.09	2.24	2.70	3.40	2.81	2.32	2.56	3.32
Sex
Male	1.04	1.20	1.26	1.78	0.97	1.40	1.31	1.59
Female	1.00	0.94	1.24	1.63	1.35	1.17	1.22	1.48
Race/ethnicity
White	0.71	0.75	0.98	1.49	0.93	1.36	1.00	1.53
Black	2.36	3.13	2.69	3.63	2.69	3.13	3.10	4.09
Hispanic	2.38	2.04	2.18	2.40	1.94	2.24	1.99	2.18
Asian/Pacific Islander	5.83	4.41	7.35	4.93	4.90	6.30	4.65	6.02
Parents’ primary home language
Both parents speak English	0.64	0.74	0.92	1.18	0.85	0.98	0.94	1.18
One parent speaks English	7.44	6.17	7.96	7.91	7.66	7.04	6.08	7.29
Neither parent speaks English	3.13	2.81	2.75	2.84	2.76	2.68	2.60	3.61
Parents’ education
Less than high school	3.83	3.55	3.55	3.91	2.98	3.47	3.06	3.97
High school diploma or equivalent	1.56	1.78	1.48	2.48	1.51	2.11	1.45	2.49
Some college, including vocational/technical	1.36	1.38	1.78	2.47	1.62	1.64	1.33	2.23
Bachelor’s degree	1.57	1.38	2.27	2.32	1.77	2.34	2.25	2.13
Graduate/professional degree	1.57	1.17	2.40	2.52	2.07	1.79	2.21	2.48
Mother’s employment
35 hours or more per week	1.20	1.18	1.23	2.00	1.47	1.87	1.55	1.94
Less than 35 hours per week	1.67	1.47	1.94	2.39	1.95	1.73	1.81	2.47
Looking for work	3.45	2.55	2.91	6.83	3.65	3.64	4.41	4.69
Not in the labor force	1.26	1.31	1.46	2.02	1.49	1.57	1.36	1.86
Family type
Two-parent household	0.71	0.80	0.96	1.14	0.91	1.08	0.89	1.35
One-parent or guardian-only household	1.71	1.74	1.97	2.57	2.13	1.98	1.93	2.61
Poverty status
Poor	1.59	1.94	1.83	2.65	2.00	2.08	2.05	2.44
Near-poor	1.46	1.72	1.55	2.23	1.59	2.15	1.34	2.33
Nonpoor	0.77	0.72	1.26	1.34	1.05	1.20	1.26	1.43
Number of children under age 18 in the home
1	1.52	1.95	1.93	2.60	1.74	2.53	1.67	2.80
2–3	0.80	0.88	1.10	1.29	0.87	1.18	1.01	1.31
4 or more	2.62	2.09	2.90	3.39	3.01	2.84	2.23	3.20

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey of the 1993 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) and Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the 2005 NHES, previously unpublished tabulation (October 2005).

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