Participation in Education

Elementary/Secondary Enrollment

Table A-7-1. Percentage distribution of 5- to 17-year-olds, by race/ethnicity and selected family characteristics: Selected years, 1990–2011—Continued

Family characteristic	1990	2000		2006		2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total Black population
Parents' highest level of education
Less than high school completion¹	23.2	14.7		13.8		12.1	11.5	11.4	11.5	10.8
High school diploma or equivalent	39.4	35.0		33.4		32.5	33.2	32.5	29.9	30.2
Some college	26.3	34.6		31.5		34.8	34.9	35.8	37.5	36.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	11.0	15.7		21.2		20.7	20.4	20.3	21.1	22.1
Family type²
Two-parent household	39.0	38.0		34.8		39.0	37.5	36.8	37.3	35.5
Mother-only household	48.3	47.2		50.2		48.4	48.7	49.4	49.5	51.8
Father-only household	3.5	4.0		4.3		4.0	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.9
Poverty status
Poor	40.9	32.1		34.0		31.3	32.6	32.9	33.6	36.9
Near-poor	25.1	27.8		26.3		27.0	26.1	27.3	27.3	26.6
Nonpoor	34.0	40.2		39.7		41.7	41.3	39.7	39.1	36.6
Citizenship
U.S.-born	—	97.8		97.1		96.6	97.2	97.6	96.5	96.6
Naturalized U.S. citizen	—	0.4	!	0.4	!	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.8	1.0
Non-U.S. citizen	—	1.8		2.5		2.7	2.4	1.9	2.7	2.4
Immigration status
Born outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia	—	2.9		3.3		3.9	3.4	2.6	3.7	3.7
First generation	—	6.4		9.0		8.8	9.0	9.2	11.1	10.3
Second generation or more	—	90.7		87.7		87.3	87.6	88.2	85.2	86.0

Total Hispanic population
Parents' highest level of education
Less than high school completion¹	46.8	40.6		33.1		32.7	32.3	30.9	30.7	30.3
High school diploma or equivalent	27.3	28.3		29.2		28.9	29.4	29.8	29.8	30.6
Some college	17.5	21.2		23.3		23.2	23.3	24.3	23.5	23.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	8.4	9.8		14.4		15.2	15.0	15.0	16.0	15.7
Family type²
Two-parent household	66.7	63.9		65.3		67.1	67.2	67.3	64.5	64.7
Mother-only household	26.1	25.6		24.7		25.8	25.2	25.2	27.4	27.5
Father-only household	2.5	3.9		3.7		2.3	2.4	2.5	2.9	2.9
Poverty status
Poor	34.7	30.8		27.5		25.8	27.7	29.5	32.5	34.2
Near-poor	30.9	33.8		32.7		34.1	31.9	31.3	29.8	30.3
Nonpoor	34.4	35.4		39.9		40.1	40.4	39.1	37.8	35.5
Citizenship
U.S.-born	—	83.0		85.6		86.6	87.2	88.6	89.5	90.3
Naturalized U.S. citizen	—	1.1		1.1		1.2	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-U.S. citizen	—	15.9		13.3		12.3	11.5	10.4	9.5	8.6
Immigration status
Born outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia	—	19.7		16.4		15.7	15.0	13.3	12.1	11.1
First generation	—	50.4		52.7		52.2	51.1	52.1	52.7	52.1
Second generation or more	—	29.9		30.8		32.1	33.9	34.6	35.2	36.8

See notes at end of table.

Would you like to help us improve our products and website by taking a short survey?

YES, I would like to take the survey

or

No Thanks

The survey consists of a few short questions and takes less than one minute to complete.