Average score was higher than the U.S. average score.
Average score was lower than the U.S. average score.
¹ Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.
² Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
³ National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population (but at least 77 percent).
⁴ National Defined Population covers 90 percent to 95 percent of National Target Population.
⁵ National Target Population did not include all of the International Target Population defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).
⁶ Sampling issues identified by TIMSS. See TIMSS 1995 report for details.
⁷ Nearly satisfied guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.
⁸ Did not satisfy guidelines for sample participation rates.
NOTE: Selected jurisdictions include those that participated in both TIMSS 1995 and TIMSS 2007. Average mathematics scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. Tests for statistical significance take into account the standard errors for scores in both years. Because the size of standard errors can vary, a small difference between the scores of one jurisdiction may be significant while a larger difference between the scores of another jurisdiction may not be significant. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 1995 and 2007.