Technical Notes: A.10 Confidentiality and disclosure limitations
In accord with NCES statistical standard 4-2-6 (Seastrom 2003), confidentiality analyses for the United States are implemented to provide reasonable assurance that public-use data files issued by the IEA and OECD do not allow the identification of individual U.S. schools or students when compared against publicly available data collections. Disclosure limitations include the identification and masking of potential disclosure risks for schools and adding an additional measure of uncertainty of school, teacher, and student identification by randomly swapping a small number of data elements within the student, teacher, and school files.
