Employment status, educational
attainment, and race/ethnicity1 |
1971 |
1974 |
1977 |
1980 |
1983 |
1986 |
1989 |
1992 |
1995 |
1998 |
2001 |
2004 |
|
| Unemployed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
4.1 |
3.3 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
9.3 |
6.0 |
4.6 |
6.8 |
4.8 |
4.3 |
3.1 |
5.2 |
| Less than high school |
6.4 |
5.3 |
9.7 |
8.8 |
15.6 |
12.0 |
8.8 |
12.1 |
8.9 |
9.6 |
5.8 |
8.8 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
3.6 |
3.1 |
5.6 |
5.8 |
11.4 |
7.2 |
5.2 |
8.1 |
5.5 |
5.2 |
3.8 |
6.3 |
| Some college |
3.6 |
3.0 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
8.0 |
4.5 |
3.5 |
5.8 |
4.2 |
3.6 |
2.6 |
5.2 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
| Black |
5.8 |
5.9 |
10.4 |
10.1 |
17.4 |
10.8 |
9.4 |
11.1 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
6.2 |
8.7 |
| Less than high school |
8.0 |
7.3 |
13.5 |
13.5 |
19.6 |
15.1 |
15.1 |
14.1 |
12.6 |
19.4 |
14.2 |
15.3 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
4.9 |
5.2 |
10.5 |
10.7 |
20.0 |
12.3 |
10.2 |
13.0 |
9.6 |
8.0 |
7.3 |
9.6 |
| Some college |
2.0 |
6.0 |
10.3 |
8.4 |
14.3 |
8.9 |
6.6 |
9.2 |
5.5 |
7.2 |
3.8 |
8.8 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
2.8 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
4.3 |
10.1 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
5.1 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
| White |
3.8 |
2.9 |
4.8 |
4.3 |
8.0 |
5.1 |
3.7 |
6.0 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
4.4 |
| Less than high school |
6.1 |
4.6 |
9.2 |
7.8 |
15.4 |
11.7 |
7.8 |
13.4 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
5.1 |
9.6 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
3.4 |
2.8 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
9.9 |
6.4 |
4.3 |
7.0 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
3.3 |
5.8 |
| Some college |
3.6 |
2.7 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
6.8 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
5.3 |
3.9 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
4.5 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
1.9 |
3.1 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
| Hispanic |
5.0 |
5.0 |
6.6 |
6.5 |
11.0 |
8.2 |
6.0 |
8.1 |
6.7 |
5.4 |
3.5 |
5.7 |
| Less than high school |
5.4 |
6.4 |
7.5 |
7.8 |
13.7 |
10.6 |
7.9 |
9.1 |
7.9 |
7.3 |
4.4 |
7.3 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
4.3 |
4.0 |
5.8 |
4.4 |
10.8 |
7.2 |
4.6 |
10.4 |
6.9 |
4.6 |
3.0 |
4.8 |
| Some college |
5.7 |
2.6 |
6.9 |
8.3 |
7.6 |
6.5 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
4.3 |
2.6 |
5.3 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
4.6 |
5.1 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Not in the labor force |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
29.5 |
26.3 |
23.0 |
19.7 |
18.7 |
17.4 |
16.9 |
16.7 |
16.4 |
14.9 |
15.9 |
17.9 |
| Less than high school |
35.6 |
33.8 |
33.4 |
32.1 |
33.4 |
31.0 |
31.5 |
32.5 |
31.4 |
27.1 |
28.4 |
29.0 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
30.6 |
29.0 |
25.2 |
21.5 |
20.3 |
18.0 |
17.7 |
16.6 |
17.2 |
15.9 |
16.3 |
19.8 |
| Some college |
27.7 |
23.8 |
20.7 |
16.8 |
15.7 |
15.6 |
14.1 |
14.0 |
15.0 |
13.5 |
14.2 |
16.9 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
19.0 |
15.2 |
13.9 |
12.0 |
10.5 |
10.6 |
9.8 |
10.6 |
9.4 |
9.7 |
11.7 |
12.2 |
| Black |
24.1 |
24.4 |
21.1 |
20.2 |
20.3 |
20.1 |
20.7 |
20.9 |
20.2 |
14.4 |
16.8 |
21.1 |
| Less than high school |
30.9 |
32.9 |
32.6 |
34.0 |
36.9 |
40.4 |
42.2 |
44.5 |
47.2 |
27.5 |
35.4 |
38.9 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
19.3 |
23.8 |
19.4 |
18.7 |
19.7 |
18.9 |
20.8 |
19.0 |
20.0 |
15.7 |
19.2 |
22.9 |
| Some college |
19.9 |
14.4 |
14.5 |
14.4 |
14.2 |
15.3 |
12.6 |
13.5 |
14.0 |
11.8 |
12.6 |
19.9 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
14.0 |
9.5 |
8.7 |
8.9 |
7.1 |
6.0 |
6.5 |
7.9 |
6.9 |
6.3 |
7.5 |
9.8 |
| White |
29.8 |
26.3 |
22.6 |
19.0 |
17.8 |
15.8 |
15.4 |
14.7 |
14.3 |
13.5 |
14.0 |
15.5 |
| Less than high school |
36.1 |
33.8 |
32.7 |
30.6 |
32.2 |
27.3 |
30.3 |
29.4 |
28.9 |
27.0 |
28.3 |
27.6 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
31.8 |
29.8 |
25.9 |
21.5 |
20.3 |
17.1 |
16.5 |
15.6 |
15.8 |
15.5 |
15.0 |
18.8 |
| Some college |
28.5 |
24.5 |
21.3 |
17.1 |
15.6 |
15.2 |
14.1 |
13.4 |
14.2 |
12.9 |
13.9 |
15.7 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
19.1 |
15.2 |
13.6 |
12.0 |
10.3 |
10.2 |
9.4 |
9.6 |
8.6 |
9.4 |
10.6 |
10.6 |
| Hispanic |
34.1 |
29.1 |
29.7 |
26.0 |
25.6 |
24.9 |
21.1 |
22.8 |
22.7 |
20.1 |
20.0 |
21.3 |
| Less than high school |
39.1 |
33.8 |
37.6 |
32.8 |
32.6 |
32.5 |
25.6 |
30.9 |
28.5 |
27.0 |
26.9 |
27.7 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
31.6 |
27.0 |
26.8 |
24.3 |
21.6 |
22.8 |
22.2 |
18.2 |
20.4 |
17.7 |
16.5 |
19.9 |
| Some college |
21.4 |
22.9 |
18.7 |
16.1 |
19.7 |
15.9 |
15.5 |
16.5 |
18.9 |
15.9 |
15.3 |
15.2 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
17.4 |
18.7 |
14.5 |
16.4 |
18.3 |
13.6 |
10.0 |
14.9 |
12.7 |
10.4 |
14.6 |
14.5 |
|
1 Black includes African American and Hispanic includes Latino. Race categories exclude Hispanic origin unless specified. Other race/ethnicities are included in the total but are not shown separately.
|
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Employment, unemployment, and not in the labor force rates in this indicator are the percentages of the total population. The labor force status was not available for a small percentage of respondents, but these respondents were included in the overall total population. Data are based upon sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional population. In 1994, the survey methodology for the Current Population Survey (CPS) was changed and weights were adjusted. See supplemental note 2 for more information.
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, selected years, 1971–2004, previously unpublished tabulation (December 2004).
|
